As the achievable accuracy for single point positioning with GPS is insufficient for many applications, DGPS services have been established all over the world. They can be distinguished into so-called Local Area DGPS services (LADGPS) for small areas such as a country and Wide Area DGPS services (WADGPS) for larger areas such as a whole continent or even worldwide. All of them have in common th...

Carrier phase DGPS systems have been increasingly used in airborne surveying. However, the accuracy and availability of GPS positioning cannot meet the stringent requirements of large-scale photogrammetry. Groundbased pseudolites can strengthen the measurement geometry for airborne GPS systems, and improve ambiguity resolution. As a result, positioning accuracy and reliability can be improved, ...

Abstract Land surface geomorphology plays an important role in water and sediment dispersal processes wetlands. For wetland practitioners researchers to engage with these time space, they require topographic data order derive gradient, cross-sectional shape area, subsurface hydrological connectivity, hydraulic characteristics. A range of options, varying spatial resolutions, are available, rang...

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models are a powerful paradigm for modeling of data arising from complex data generating processes (DGPs). In this article, we demonstrate how different MoE models can be constructed to approximate the underlying DGPs of arbitrary types of data. Due to the probabilistic nature of MoE models, we propose the maximum quasilikelihood (MQL) estimator as a method for estimati...

Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) are multi-layer hierarchical generalisations of Gaussian processes (GPs) and are formally equivalent to neural networks with multiple, infinitely wide hidden layers. DGPs are nonparametric probabilistic models and as such are arguably more flexible, have a greater capacity to generalise, and provide better calibrated uncertainty estimates than alternative deep mod...

This study aims at determining the accuracy of a full body inertial measurement system in a real skiing environment in comparison with an optical video based system. Recent studies have shown the use of inertial measurement systems for the determination of kinematical parameters in alpine skiing. However, a quantitative validation of a full body inertial measurement system for the application i...