In Sweden the use of daytime running lights (DRL) was made mandatory on 1 October 1977 for all motor vehicles at once, during all seasons and for all areas. According to a study conducted by Andersson and Nilsson (1981) [Andersson and Nilsson. VTI Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute, Report No. 208A; 1981] the introduction of DRL resulted in a reduction of 11% of multiple accidents du...

Differential reinforcement of low rate responding (DRL) can be defined as withholding reinforcement until probability of a target behaviour has decreased to a particular criterion. Typically, the DRL lowers the overall rate of a specific target response by incrementally increasing the time interval between responses and delivering reinforcement contingent upon a response occurring at or above t...

The molecular program controlling hematopoietic differentiation is not fully understood. Here, we describe a family of zebrafish genes that includes a novel hematopoietic regulator, draculin-like 3 (drl.3). We found that drl.3 is expressed in mesoderm-derived hematopoietic cells and is retained during erythroid maturation. Moreover, drl.3 expression correlated with erythroid development in gata...

Introduction: The present study was conducted to obtain State diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of five routine computed tomography (CT) examinations from two CT centers in Ondo State and to identify factors responsible for dose variation and escalation in these CT centers. Material and Methods: Acquisition parameters and CT dose indices wer...

Background:The most efficient application of ionizing radiation is serving medical purposes and using this radiation has caused people to learn that artificial sources of radiation exposure among these resources can be of highest exposure rate.  Objective: The present study is aimed at initially establishing a baseline for local-reference dose level in Mazandaran, Iran in 12 projections of the...

The effects of methamphetamine, phencyclidine and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on responding under differential reinforcement of low rate schedules (DRL schedules) were studied under three different DRL time requirements. Under the DRL schedules studied, rats were required to space responses at least a minimum, but not more than a maximum, time interval apart. The time intervals between response...

Decentralized reinforcement learning (DRL) has been applied to a number of distributed applications. However, one of the main challenges faced by DRL is its convergence. Previous work has shown that hierarchically organizational control is an effective way of coordinating DRL to improve its speed, quality, and likelihood of convergence. In this paper, we develop a distributed, negotiation-based...

Localization is a basic issue for underwater acoustic networks (UANs). Currently, most localization algorithms only perform well in one-hop networks or need more anchors which are not suitable for the underwater environment. In this paper, we proposed a double rate localization algorithm with one anchor for multi-hop underwater acoustic networks (DRL). The algorithm firstly presents a double ra...

Introduction: Nowadays, nuclear medicine (NM) imaging indications in medical practice is raising. A practical step to get closer to the optimization rule is collecting data about patients’ exposure and definition of guidance levels. The aim of this study was definition of local reference level in Isfahan city. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given...