Although exemplar models of category learning have been successfully applied to a wide range of classification problems, such models have only rarely been tested on their ability to deal with vertical category learning, that is, cases where the same stimuli may be classified at multiple levels of abstraction. We report an experiment in which participants learned to classify artificial stimuli a...

We explore techniques for maintaining consistency in reasoning when employing dynamic hierarchical task decompositions. In particular, we consider the difficulty of maintaining consistency when an agent nonmonotonically modifies an assumption in one level of the task hierarchy and that assumption depends upon potentially dynamic assertions higher in the hierarchy. The hypothesis of our work is ...

In evaluating construction investments, public or private sector owners often have several project alternatives, e.g. different sites for development and different types of building. Assessing each of them so as to identify the best for implementation is owners’ most important decision in the project planning stage. The traditional net present worth method has difficulty in including intangible...

The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of problem structure, namely goal hierarchy and number of optimal solution paths, on the neural architecture that supports problem-solving and planning. Here, six-move problems with both an unambiguous and ambiguous goal hierarchy and single and multiple optimal solution paths were examined. In the task used, participants were encouraged t...

OBJECTIVE To validate the dimensionality, hierarchical properties, and reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index. DESIGN Self-report survey of patients with stroke. PATIENTS A total of 127 patients provided 254 observations before and after treatments. METHODS Multidimensional Rasch model was conducted. RESULTS The 2-factor model showed the significantly smallest deviance and fitted ...

Planning can often be simplified by decomposing the task into smaller tasks arranged hierarchically. Charlin et al. [4] recently showed that the hierarchy discovery problem can be framed as a non-convex optimization problem. However, the inherent computational difficulty of solving such an optimization problem makes it hard to scale to realworld problems. In another line of research, Toussaint ...

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is suitable for use within organisations at different levels of maturity in information management. It takes as input a bigraph, into which both structured and unstructured data can be readily transformed, and produces a multiple-inheritance type hierarchy suitable for formal knowledge representation. Accordingly, FCA has been widely applied in areas such as inform...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing mental demands on various aspects of aircrew performance. In particular, the robustness of the prioritization and allocation hierarchy of aviate-navigate-communicate was examined, a hierarchy commonly used within the aviation industry. A total of 42 trainee pilots were divided into three workload groups (low, medium, high) t...

We present an alignment framework for object detection using a hierarchy of 3D polygonal models. One difficulty with alignment methods is that the high-dimensional transformation space makes finding potential candidate states a time-consuming task. This is an important consideration in our approach, as an exhaustive search is applied on a densely-sampled state space in order to avoid local mini...

Automatic completion of frame-to-frame (F2F) relations in the FrameNet (FN) hierarchy has received little attention, although they incorporate meta-level commonsense knowledge and are used in downstream approaches. We address the problem of sparsely annotated F2F relations. First, we examine whether the manually defined F2F relations emerge from text by learning text-based frame embeddings. Our...