background: division of human genetics (dhg) is a referral center for karyotyping and counseling to the couples as well as to the individuals referred with bad obstetric history and infertility. materials and methods: from 1972 to 2003, overall 1666 couples and 131 female partners with bad obstetric history (boh) such as; spontaneous abortions, live births with congenital malformations and stil...

presence of extra roots and canals should be considered before initiation of root canal treatment for the success of endodontic treatment. a mandibular second premolar with three separate roots is very rare and its prevalence has been reported to be around 0.1%. this case report explains non-surgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three separate roots and three separa...

The use of X-ray image receptors that produce a digital image is becoming increasingly important. Possible benefits include improved dynamic range and detective quantum efficiency, improved detectability for objects of low intrinsic contrast, and reduced radiation dose. The image can be available quickly. The display is separated from the image capture so that processing and contrast adjustment...