PURPOSE To evaluate an algorithm for real-time 3D tumor localization from a single x-ray projection image for lung cancer radiotherapy. METHODS Recently, we have developed an algorithm for reconstructing volumetric images and extracting 3D tumor motion information from a single x-ray projection [Li et al., Med. Phys. 37, 2822-2826 (2010)]. We have demonstrated its feasibility using a digital ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of a novel four-material decomposition technique for assessing the vulnerability of plaque with two contrast materials spectral computer tomography (CT) using two independent markers: plaque's inflammation and spotty calcification. A simulation study was conducted using an energy-sensitive photon-counting detector for k-edge imaging of...

A digital brain phantom was created from rat brain autoradiographic (AR) data for use in emission computed tomography studies. The animal tissue was radio-labeled with [C]-2-deoxyglucose, a functional analog of the PET agent [F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose. Following sacrifice of the animal, serial tissue sections were cut at 20 m thickness, digitized, and calibrated to represent the ground truth 2D re...

The impact of digitalization on the average glandular doses in 49 mammographic units participating in the Flemish Breast Cancer Screening Program was studied. Screen-film was changed to direct digital radiography and computed radiography in 24 and 25 departments respectively. Average glandular doses were calculated before and after digitalization for different PMMAphantom thicknesses and for gr...

For phased-array ultrasound imaging, alternative beamforming techniques and their VLSI circuits are studied to form a fully digital receive front-end hardware. In order to increase the timing accuracy in beamforming, a computationally efficient interpolation scheme to increase the sampling rate is examined. For adaptive beamforming, a phase aberration correction method with very low computation...

Full digital design with coded excitation for Doppler ultrasound system is proposed to offer full-depth examination, and to improve system SNR and penetration. The experimental platform is developed based on a Doppler phantom and a transcranial Doppler system. Raw radiofrequency signals are collected from the Doppler phantom using the transcranial Doppler system, which alternately transmits non...

PURPOSE To digitally stain spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the optic nerve head (ONH), and highlight either connective or neural tissues. METHODS OCT volumes of the ONH were acquired from one eye of 10 healthy subjects. We processed all volumes with adaptive compensation to remove shadows and enhance deep tissue visibility. For each ONH, we identified the four mos...

The development of a 3D image guidance environment will significantly enhance the performance of minimally invasive robotically assisted cardiac surgery. We have previously reported early progress on generation of such virtual environment, and linking it with traditional modalities like endoscopy. This paper discusses one aspect of the surgical navigation system: near-real time animation of the...