Trimethoprim resistance was investigated in cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia. Determination of the MIC of trimethoprim for 111 strains revealed at least two populations of resistant organisms, suggesting the presence of more than one mechanism of resistance. Investigation of the antibiotic target, dihydrofolate reductase, was undertaken in both a susceptible strain and a strain w...

Leishmania tropica promastigotes that are highly resistant to methotrexate, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, have been developed. Organisms resistant to 1 mM methotrexate have a 40-fold increase in dihydrofolate reductase which is associated with thymidylate synthetase, and they contain amplified regions of DNA that may be directly visualized on stained gels of restriction digests. The ampl...

Murine 3T6 cells selected in increasing concentrations of methotrexate were unstable with respect to dihydrofolate reductase overproduction and methotrexate resistance when they are cultured in the absence of methotrexate. An analysis of the karyotypes of these resistant cells revealed the presence of numerous double minute chromosomes. We observed essentially identical kinetics of loss of dihy...

A quantitative radioimmunoassay has been developed for human dihydrofolate reductase (tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) by using antiserum raised in rabbits against the active enzyme purified from calf liver. An immunoreactive protein could be identified in the cytoplasm of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, which contained no functional...

Translocation of large presecretory proteins into the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum requires the ribonucleoparticles, signal recognition particle, and ribosome and is tightly coupled to ongoing protein synthesis. We have shown previously that small presecretory proteins can translocate post-translationally in a reaction that does not require these ribonucleoparticles. We now report that one l...

New antifolate-resi slant sublines of mouse leukemia L1210 have been developed. Dihydrofolate reductase activities were determined during early stages of increasing resistance to the folate antagonists. A daily dosage level of 0.75 mg amethopterin/kg used to develop subline FR-1 yielded tumor cells with a tenfold increase of enzyme within three serial transplants. When a new selective influence...