the presence of three root canals in the distal root of the mandibular fi rst permanent molars is rare; based on in vitro studies its incidence is reported to be between 0.2% and 3%. with the advent of cone beam computed tomography (cbct) as an adjunctive diagnostic aid, the determination of root canal anatomy in teeth with extra canals and complex canal confi gurations has become more precise....

Conventional radiographs used for the management of endodontic problems yield limited information because of the two-dimensional nature of images produced, geometric distortion and anatomical noise. This newer review paper seeks to clarify three-dimensional imaging techniques that have been suggested as adjuncts to conventional radiographs. These include tuned aperture computed tomography, magn...

surgical procedure for removal of impacted teeth is a challenge for clinicians as it involves accuracy in the diagnosis and localization of the dental elements. the cone-beam computed tomography (cbct), compared to the conventional radiography, has a greater potential to provide complementary information because of its three-dimensional (3d) images, reducing the possibility of failures in surgi...

Two ultrasonic techniques for reconstructing the internal temperature distribution in metal bodies-timeof-flight tomography and dimensional resonance profiling-are described. An analysis of the tomographic reconstruction of temperature (including ray refraction effects) in a cylindrical body is presented together with initial experimental results. Dimensional resonance profiling is a new techni...

This review provides an overview of digital radiography as it exists, including advanced imaging such as computed tomography (CT), cone beam volumetric imaging, and micro-CT as relevant to the practice of endodontics. An evidence-based approach to adoption of different imaging technologies is included to assist the practitioner with the selection process of imaging modalities. Commonly used ima...

The radiographic image is the bidimensional projection of a tridimensional volume. Interpretation of such an image is sometimes uneasy as we cannot determine ot which level the shadows are located. To dissociate the superimposed shadows, the radiologist may rely on different techniques including fluoroscopy, profile view, radiosteoroscopy, conventional tomography, transverse axial tomography or...