Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects the nonrenal clearance of drugs by modulating the functional expression of hepatic drug– metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The impact of CKD on oxidative and conjugative metabolism has been extensively studied. However, its effect on hepatic drug reduction, an important phase I drug–metabolism pathway, has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the e...

Recent evidence suggests that blue-green coloration of bird eggshells may be related to female and/or egg phenotypic quality, and that such colour may affect parental effort and therefore the nutritional environment of developing nestlings. Here we suggest that these relationships and the signal function of eggshell coloration would affect the outcome of coevolution between avian brood parasite...

Abattoir wastes can have a detrimental effect on the environment, public health, animal and economy of country if they are not effectively managed controlled. The bacteriological evaluation waste water from Kwata abattoir was carried out to determine bacterial load present generated is suitable for direct discharge into environment. A total two samples were aseptically collected, in which physi...

101 THIS TWO-PART FEATURE BEGAN with a discussion of why unconventional left-turn alternatives hold promise for the relief of congested urban and suburban arterials. Part One, which was printed in the September 1998 issue of ITE Journal on pages 26–29, also described three unconventional alternatives—the median U-turn, the bowtie and the superstreet. This part discusses four more alternatives.