the colorful paths and rainbow paths have been considered by severalauthors.a colorful directed path in a digraph $g$ is a directed path with $chi(g)$ vertices whose colors are different. a $v$-colorful directed path is such a directed path, starting from $v$. we prove that for a given $3$-regular triangle-free digraph $g$ determining whether there is a proper $chi(g)$-coloring of $g$such that ...

Behavioral flexibility and goal-directed behavior heavily depend on fronto-striatal networks. Within these circuits, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) glutamate play an important role in (motor) response inhibition, but it has remained largely unclear whether they are also relevant for cognitive inhibition. We hence investigated the functional of transmitters inhibition during flexibility. Healthy...

conclusions all plants could inhibit mushroom tyrosinase, but more investigations on human tyrosinase and clinical studies are needed. results the hydroalcoholic extract of p. alkekengi showed the most tyrosinase inhibitory effect with ic50 of 0.09 mg/ml vs. 0.38, 0.38 and 2.82 mg/ml of b. persicum, a. rosea and m. vulgare, respectively. m. vulgare exhibited uncompetitive inhibition and other p...

Each nuclear pore is responsible for both nuclear import and export with a finite capacity for bidirectional transport across the nuclear envelope. It remains poorly understood how the nuclear transport pathway responds to increased demands for nucleocytoplasmic communication. A case in point is cellular hypertrophy in which increased amounts of genetic material need to be transported from the ...

Commercial-grade aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) inhibits poly(A), poly(C) and viral RNA-directed DNA synthesis by detergent-disrupted virions of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Paper chromatography of crude ATA yields two active components, which appear to behave identically, and at least two inactive components. The concentration of ATA needed to inhibit polymerase activity is proportional to th...