let $g=(v, e)$ be a graph. by emph{directional labeling (ord-labeling)} of an edge $x=uv$ of $g$ by an ordered $n$-tuple$(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$, we mean a labeling of the edge $x$ such thatwe consider the label on $uv$ as $(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$ in thedirection from $u$ to $v$, and the label on $x$ as$(a_{n},a_{n-1},...,a_1)$ in the direction from $v$ to $u$. inthis paper, we study graphs, called emph{...

Features of Spatial Snag Distribution in a Beech-Fir Forest With the participation of about 65% in the total growing stock of conifers, silver fir is the most important andthe best represented conifer species in Croatia. The increasing share of sanitary felling in the annual felling plansdemands that special attention be paid to the health status of fir forests and the quantity of unpla...

My interest in the topics of corporate citizenship and global governance arose from concerns regarding the ecological environment and a growing awareness that some of the world's most precious natural resources such as ancient forests, clean air and pristine oceans were under threat from a number of irresponsible big businesses.(Dobscha 2001) Logging companies felling old growth forests in Abst...

the non-differentiability and implicit definition of boundary of production possibility set (pps) in data envelopment analysis (dea) are two important difficulties for obtaining directional characteristics, including different elasticity measures and marginal rates of substitution. also, imposing weight restrictions in dea models have some shortcomings and misunderstandings. in this paper we ut...

The timber industry and other sectors that rely on forest management, would benefit from a deeper understanding of the extraction work carried out by properly trained workers. objective this research was to evaluate effect training operational personnel efficient utilization harvested pine logs in southern region state Chihuahua, northern Mexico. Two samplings logging present cutting area ejido...

Changes in teak harvesting techniques due to the Covid-19 outbreak was investigated at research locations community forests. This aims identify that used The each process, including felling, skidding, and timber transportation processes were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. results showed technique wood process a semi-mechanical combined use of manual mechanical equipment. Manua...

The Arab and literary studies dealt with many issues, including the external dialogue, dialogue is second element of elements which "a that takes place between two or more persons, based on alternation personalities within framework scene, prompted researcher to address this topic, drives event Dramatic for its development generates in recipient sense it similar reality what character possesses...