Uncovering the directionality of coupling is a significant step in understanding drive-response relationships in complex systems. In this paper, we discuss a nonparametric method for detecting the directionality of coupling based on the estimation of information theoretic functionals. We consider several different methods for estimating conditional mutual information. The behavior of each estim...

We have numerically studied the trapping problem in a two-dimensional lattice where particles are continuously generated. We have introduced interaction between particles and directionality of their movement. This model presents a critical behaviour with a rich phase structure similar to spin systems. We interpret a change in the asymptotic density of particles as a phase transition. For high d...

Directional microphones in hearing aids have been well-documented to improve speech recognition in noise in laboratory conditions. The real-world perceived benefits of directionality have been less dramatic. The development of directional technology during the past decade has focused on improving laboratory benefit by means of adaptive behavior, and more recently, binaural beamforming made poss...

We consider a common class of dielectric optical microlasing cavities with quadrupolar deformations and address the question of the maximally allowed amount of deformation for both high-Q operation and a high degree of directionality of light emission. Our approach is to compute the probability for light rays to be trapped in the cavity by examining chaotic scattering dynamics in the classical ...

The contractile ring, which is required for cytokinesis in animal and yeast cells, consists mainly of actin filaments. Here, we investigate the directionality of the filaments in fission yeast using myosin S1 decoration and electron microscopy. The contractile ring is composed of around 1,000 to 2,000 filaments each around 0.6 mum in length. During the early stages of cytokinesis, the ring cons...

This paper presents a triangular-to-quadrilateral mesh conversion method that can control the directionality of the output quadrilateral mesh according to a user-specified vector field. Given a triangular mesh and a vector field, the method first scores all possible quadrilaterals that can be formed by pairs of adjacent triangles, according to their shape and directionality. It then converts th...

Despite various work which aimed to identify the phonetic and structural underpinning of tone sandhi directionality, underlying mechanism that governs remains unknown. We note two widely discussed properties sandhi, their grounds correspond types cognitive biases investigated in segmental phonology, namely substantive bias respectively. This study examines simplicity naturalness patterns across...

The sensitivity of fibroblast guidance on directional cues provided by aligned nanofibers is studied for scaffolds of successively smaller fiber sizes (740±280, 245±85, 140±40, and 80±10 nm) fabricated using mandrel and electrical alignment methodologies for electrospun nanofibers (∼10° angular deviation (AD)), as well as nanoimprint methodologies for perfectly aligned fibers (0° AD). On aligne...

Arrays of tilted pillars with characteristic heights spanning from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers were created using wafer level processing and used as Leidenfrost ratchets to control droplet directionality. Dynamic Leidenfrost droplets on the ratchets with nanoscale features were found to move in the direction of the pillar tilt while the opposite directionality was observed on ...

Causal directionality belongs to one of the most fundamental aspects of causality that cannot be reduced to mere covariation. This paper is part of a debate between proponents of associative theories, which claim that learners are insensitive to the causal status of cues and outcomes, and proponents of causal-model theory, which postulates an interaction of assumptions about causal directionali...