Pairing-based cryptography (PBC) has many elegant properties. It is claimed that PBC can offer a desired security level with smaller parameters as the general elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). In the note, we remark that this view is misleading. Suppose that an elliptic curve E is defined over the field Fq. Then ECC is working with elements which are defined over Fq. But PBC is working with th...

Theory for the evolutionary properties of recombination is reviewed both in terms of modi er genes and approaches that use group selection Analytical and numerical methods are used to investigate the time to rst appearance of an advantageous two locus chromosome On average whether or not a double mutant chromosome is advantageous it will appear for the rst time faster with recombination than wi...

Difficult or unsuccesful tracheal intubation is one of the important causes for morbidity and mortality in susceptible patients. Almost 30% of the anesthesia-related deaths are induced by the complications of difficult airway management and more than 85% of all respiratory related complications cause brain injury or death. Nowadays, due to the advances in technology, new videolaryngoscopic devi...

The history of oxytocin in obstetrics varies from a very liberated use without almost any fear for danger or disadvantages to an almost complete condemnation of the use of this drug. Oxytocin was especially discredited by the intramuscular route of administration. On the other hand caused the intravenous administration by Infusion pump a very liberated use of this drug finally resulting in the ...

The spirit of trade is mutual benefits among all participants. However, current international trade is just like a zero-sum solution with winners and losers and developing a feeling of distrust among participants. Responsible international fisheries trade is an important tool to promote economic growth of many countries and the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been encouraging free trade as a...

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) applies water directly to the crop root zone using buried polyethy­ lene tubing, also known as a dripline, dripperline, or drip tape (Figure 1). Driplines come in varying diam­ eters and thicknesses in order to maintain acceptable irrigation uniformity for different field lengths. Smaller diameter driplines are used when short lateral lengths are required. As la...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perceived disadvantages caused by low back pain in work, household chores and leisure-time activities, as expressed by patients themselves. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Structured telephone interviews, carried out among a sample of 39 physician referrals (29 women and 10 men) for non-specific chronic low back pain to University Hospital, Turku, covered how low back pain affec...

Interactive Game-Based Learning might be used to raise the awareness of students concerning questions of sustainability. Sustainability is a very complex topic. By interacting with a simulation game, students can get a more detailed and holistic conception of how sustainability can be achieved in everyday purchasing situations. The SuLi (Sustainable Living) game was developed to achieve this go...

Carbohydrate loading enables an athlete to build up stores of muscle glycogen. Such raised levels increase work times and are therefore of real benefit to long-distance runners. It is unclear how frequently the regimen can be repeated with the same advantageous results. There are possible disadvantages in the regimen, and even dangers in older subjects.

Most curricula for medical education have been integrated horizontally and vertically--vertically between basic and clinical sciences. The Flexnerian curriculum has disappeared to permit integration between basic sciences and clinical sciences, which are taught throughout the curriculum. We have proposed a different form of integration where the horizontal axis represents the defined learning o...