OBJECTIVE to assess the efficacy and the effectiveness of 60-80% alcohol (v/v) in the disinfection of semi-critical materials which were either previously cleaned or not. METHOD studies obtained from BIREME, IBECS, MEDLINE, ScIELO, PubMed, Ask Medline web portals, and references from other studies. Criteria were created to assess the methodological quality of articles. Out of the 906 studies ...

Comprehensive disinfectant decay and disinfection by-product formation (D/DBP) models in chlorination and ozonation were developed to apply to various types of raw and treated waters. Comparison of several types of models, such as empirical power function models and empirical kinetic models, was provided in order to choose more robust and accurate models for the D/DBP simulations. An empirical ...

he proposed Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products (D/DBP) Rule and the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (ESWTR) have prompted an industrywide evaluation of disinfection and treatment practices.1,2 One of the least expensive methods of limiting DBP formation is to use monochloramine instead of free chlorine to maintain a distribution system residual. Monochloramine limits free chlorine con...

BACKGROUND Currently, there is a wide range of products for mouth washing on the Polish market. They have different qualitative and quantitative compositions, and they differ particularly in the concentration of active substances. In antisepsis and disinfection, the significant reduction in number of cells of microorganisms in a particular environment is very crucial. The chemical agents should...

Abstract Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity electron-rich species in last decade. The application of sulfate water disinfection has become a very promising technology. However, there is currently lack reviews inactivated pathogenic microorganisms. At same time, less attention paid by-products produced...

A large number and variety of compounds are formed in the process of chlorinating drinking water. The classes of compounds formed include trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, halophenols, and halopropanones. Many of the compounds have been shown to be toxic and are currently being further evaluated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). One group of the halopropanon...