This paper investigates different approximation techniques for planar beam column elements in force-basedmethods. The three fields, introduced in this review, are: curvature-based displacement interpolation CBDI used in matrix-based flexibility formulations, linear displacement approximation applied in state space, and higher-order displacement approximation utilized again in state space. Using...

a bearingless induction machine has combined characteristics of induction motor and magnetic bearings. therefore, the advantages are small size and low-cost. in the magnetic suspension of the bearingless motors, suspension forces are generated based on the feedback signals of displacement sensors detecting the movement of the rotor shaft. the suspension forces are generated taking an advantage ...

in this paper, the effects of carbon nanotube (cnt) orientation and aggregation on the static behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite cylinders reinforced by cnts are investigated based on a mesh-free method. the used nanocomposites are made of the straight cnts that are embedded in an isotropic polymer as matrix. the straight cnts are oriented, randomly or aligned or local aggregated int...

volcanoes and their eruption indicate dynamic process of the inside of ground, which are often located along the boundaries of tectonic plates. study of movements and surface deformation of the volcano is essential because surface deformation reflects changes in the subsurface. in the studies of crustal deformation, volcanic models provide valuable insights of the features of volcanoes and thei...

This study presents the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor and its technical characteristics. The existing sensors have been thoroughly analyzed compared with other types of sensors. reason for low sensitivity has investigated some modification to made. magnetic circuits analyzed. A method is proposed expanding range measurements up 180 degrees increasing without compromising measureme...

We present results on the relationships between persistent currents and the known conservation laws in the classical Toda ring. We also show that perturbing the integrability leads to a decay of the currents at long times with a time scale that is determined by the perturbing parameter. We summarize several known results concerning the Toda ring in one dimension, and present new results relatin...

Surface extraction from data fields is often used in scientific visualization, as surfaces can represent meaningful information and they are well suited for display. This paper describes a general method for localized surface extraction from scalar and vector fields. An initial polygonal surface is placed within the field, and the shape of the surface is adapted to the field by iterative displa...