1. When I assumed directorship of the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1970 I was anxious to establish my firm belief that all physicians engaged in practice and administration should conduct research relatedjo their clinical responsibilities. The Employee Health Department of the whole NIH was under my jurisdiction, and the appearance of the late Linus Pauling's bo...

In 1967, in Loving v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously struck down miscegenation statutes, which criminalized interracial marriage, as unconstitutional. In 2013, the Court in United States v. Windsor invalidated Section 3 of the so-called Defense of Marriage Act (“DOMA”), which precluded federal agencies from recognizing marriages between same-sex couples even if the marriages were ...

In canonical Wnt signaling, β-catenin translocates to the cell nucleus, interacting with Tcf/Lef factors to activate transcription of Wnt target genes. In this issue of Genes & Development, Vacik and colleagues (pp. 1783-1795) report that a highly conserved sequence in intron 5 of Tcf7l2 conceals an internal promoter region that, when activated by Vax2, drives transcription of truncated Tcf7l2 ...

The European Union has failed to quell the revolt among its member states over the union-wide acceptance of GM crops. Soon the four rebels could gain Germany as a new ally.

Broadly conceived and considered in its many usages, sustainability has grave defects as a planning goal, particularly when used by conservationists: it confuses means and ends; it is vague about what is being sustained and who or what is doing the sustaining; it is uninspiring; it is little more than Pinchotera conservation (and thus ignores the many lessons learned since then); it need not be...

Collective decision-making failures are often attributed to group members’ unwillingness to express unpopular opinions, and incident investigations frequently name lack of dissent as a causal factor (Sunstein, 2006). The investigation following the Columbia space-shuttle explosion, for instance, cited a culture at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in which ‘‘it is difficult for ...

If nonviolent methods of resistance are effective – and perhaps even more successful than violent why do opposition movements ever resort to violence? The literature on social movement implies that expansion in an movement’s size decreases the risk dissent since recruitments improve relative power reduce necessity using violence pressure state. Nevertheless, a sudden large can overburden its or...

OBJECTIVES The UK's Quality and Outcomes Framework permits practices to exempt patients from financially-incentivised performance targets. To better understand the determinants and consequences of being exempted from the framework, we investigated the associations between exception reporting, patient characteristics and mortality. We also quantified the proportion of exempted patients that met ...

Recently, scholars have emphasized the importance of examining how employees cope with psychological contract violation and how the coping process contributes to psychological contract violation resolution and post-violation psychological contracts. Recent work points to the important role of problem-focused coping. Yet, to date, problem-focused coping strategies have not been conceptualized on...

We investigate the formation of opinion against authority in an authoritarian society composed of agents with different levels of authority. We explore a “dissenting” opinion, held by lower-ranking, obedient, or less authoritative people, spreading in an environment of an “affirmative” opinion held by authoritative leaders. A real-world example would be a corrupt society where people revolt aga...