landscape metrics quantifies structural features of the landscape. one of the advantages of these metrics is a possibility to use them in fast cumulative assessment of the development activities in the environment. in this paper, the cumulative effects of road network expansion on the tree cover of gorgan, kordkuy, aliabad townships in golestan province were investigated. to prepare the require...

Modelling access to services, using cost path analysis and distance decay models, can be improved if travel time rather than just distance is taken into account. If just straight line distance is used then traffic congestion in urban areas and rough bendy rural roads are not considered in the analysis and the results are subsequently distorted. An accurate road network layer that shows travel s...

This study aimed to evaluate the rate of ecogenotoxicity caused by traffic emissions at sites in the vicinity of roads and at sites near planned highway construction using a pollen grain abortion assay with higher wild plant species. The relationship between pollen grain abortivity and distance from a road also was assessed. The highest values were found at a distance of 30 m, where the prevail...

BACKGROUND Urban birth or upbringing increase schizophrenia risk. Though unknown, the causes of these urban-rural differences have been hypothesized to include, e.g., infections, diet, toxic exposures, social class, or an artefact due to selective migration. METHODS We investigated the hypothesis that traffic related exposures affect schizophrenia risk and that this potential effect is respon...

CONTEXT Anthropogenic vectors enhance the natural dispersal capacity of plant seeds significantly in terms of quantity and distance. Human-mediated seed dispersal (i.e. anthropochory) greatly increases the dispersal of crop species across agroecosystems. In the case of oilseed rape (OSR), spillage of seeds from grain trailers during harvest has never been quantified. METHODS Our experimental ...

In this paper, we present a dynamic navigation approach (DNA) that can be combined with GPS receivers, digital maps, and wireless technologies such as DSRC, 802.11p, and WiMAX. By calculating the score, a weighted sum of average vehicle speed, average inter-vehicle distance, road type, and road gain, for each candidate road, the DNA can generate a road score table and choose the road with the h...

In recent years, there is an increasing need to monitor k nearest neighbor (k-NN) in a road network. There are existing solutions on either monitoring k-NN objects from a single query point over a road network, or computing the snapshot k-NN objects over a road network to minimize an aggregate distance function with respect to multiple query points. In this paper, we study a new problem that is...

abstract recognition of effective factors on landslide occurrence and so high and low hazard region is one of the most important and necessary works for mitigation of landslide damages. in this study, from all of the effective factors on landslide occurrence, land use changes and road construction, into a parts of tadjan watershed with area about 708.08 square kilometers in south of sari, was s...

road network (rn) can affect patterns and distribution of land uses and covers. road network expansion has both direct and indirect impacts on land uses and covers changes. agricultural land conversions (alcs) are especially known as one of the main important types of land use changes. the purpose of this paper, in addition to estimation of the direct impact of rn expansion on alcs, is to evalu...