OBJECTIVES As one of smoke-free policies, communities have established the smoke-free ordinances since August 2010. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of community-level smoke-free ordinances (SFO) on smoking rates in men using multiyear Community Health Survey (CHS) data. METHODS Data on community-level SFO were collected from a website on Enhanced Local Laws and Regulation Infor...

The present study tested the hypotheses that 1) ERα in the brain plays a key role in the estrogen-protective effects against ANG II-induced hypertension, and 2) that the subfornical organ (SFO) is a key site where ERα mediates these protective actions. In this study, a "floxed" ERα transgenic mouse line (ERα(flox)) was used to create models in which ERα was knocked down in the brain or just in ...

Adiponectin (ADP) is a peptide produced by adipose tissue, which acts as an insulin sensitizing hormone. Recent studies have shown that adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are present in the CNS, and although adiponectin does appear in both circulation and the cerebrospinal fluid there is still some debate as to whether or not ADP crosses the blood brain barrier (BBB). Circumventricular...

A total of 700 day old female broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed into seven groupsin acompletely randomized designwith five replicates, and 20 chicks in each replicate. Dietary treatments, timeof the switch from an unsaturated sunflower oil (SFO) to a saturated tallow (T)dietary fat source, were: 1) SFO for the entire growth period (6 weeks), 2) SFO for 5 weeks followed byT for last wee...

Accurate prediction of soil temperature (Ts) is critical for efficient soil, water and field crop management. In this study, hourly Ts variations at 5, 10, 30 cm depth were predicted an arid site (Sirjan) a semi-humid (Sanandaj) in Iran. Existing machine learning models have high performance, but suffer from uncertainty instability prediction. Therefore, GLUE approach was implemented to quantif...

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of posaconazole using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled to surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection (SALDI/MS) was developed. After the DLLME, posaconazole was detected using SALDI/MS with colloidal gold and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as the co-matrix. Under optimal extract...

This paper presents a paradigm for remote file access called Smart File Objects (SFOs). The SFO is a realization of the ELFS (Extensible File Systems) concept of files as typed objects, but applied to wide-area networks [9]. The SFO is an object-oriented application-specific file access paradigm designed to address the bottleneck imposed by high latency, low bandwidth, unpredictable, and unreli...

Although elevated renin-angiotensin system activity and angiotensinergic signaling within the brain are required for hypertension, polydipsia, and increased metabolic rate induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt, the contribution of specific receptor subtypes and brain nuclei mediating these responses remains poorly defined. We hypothesized that angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT(1a)R...

A lesion of the subfornical organ (SFO) may reduce sodium depletion-induced salt appetite, which is largely dependent on ANG II, and yet ANG II infusions directly into SFO do not provoke salt appetite. Two experiments were designed to address this apparent contradiction. In experiment 1 sustained infusions of ANG II into SFO did not produce a sustained elevation of blood pressure, and neither a...

INTRODUCTION/HYPOTHESIS The subfornical organ, one of the central circumventricular organs, has been shown to mediate many of the effects of circulating angiotensin II (AngII). Where these signals are processed downstream is not fully understood. The SFO does indeed project to prominent cardiovascular regulatory centers such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), of whose neurons are activated b...