This study aimed to investigate the correlation between dollarization of Ghana's finances. The objects this are real output, interest rate differentials, exchange rates, inflation, and financial developments. research subjects based on quarterly data from World Development Index (WDI) Bank Ghana (BOG) for years 1999-2022. method uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach cointegration....

In order to preserve the value of assets in high-inflation countries, investors turn currencies economically stable and secure countries. After liberalization steps taken into action 1980s Turkey, volume foreign entering its economy has also increased. However, high inflation, low domestic investments, increasing import weak financial base left Turkish with reality dollarization. this study, de...

Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are been designed a ‘new normal’ for the world of finance in which payments (digital currency) can be made directly from one party to another without financial intermediaries regardless macroeconomic links. Digital currency has ushered into uncharted waters as central banks and international institutions crumble fine their feet’s fast moving stream decent...

From the viewpoint of the United States, or from the viewpoint of Brazil, Panama looks like a small country. But if we are to examine the historical experience with official dollarization, we must necessarily look at small countries. Indeed, as Goldfajn and Olivares (2000) point out, Panama has until now been the largest dollarized country. For this reason, the research strategy represented by ...