The ladder graph plays an important role in many applications as Electronics, Electrical and Wireless communication areas. The aim of this work is to present a new class of odd graceful labeling for the ladder graph. In particular, we show that the ladder graph Ln with m-pendant Ln mk1 is odd graceful. We also show that the subdivision of ladder graph Ln with m-pendant S(Ln)  mk1 is odd grace...

Alternate reality games (ARGs) are a new genre of transmedia practice in which players collaboratively hunt for clues, make sense of disparate information, and solve puzzles to advance an ever-changing narrative that is woven into the fabric of the real world. This paper highlights the potential for ARGs to promote 21st-century literacy skills. We propose a meta-level framework for 21st-century...

The Alternate Reality Game genre inspires a mode of play in which the participants choose to act as if the game world was real. Jane McGonigal has argued that one of the most attractive features of an ARG is the ‘Pinnochio’ effect: at the same time that the players deeply long to believe in them, it is in reality impossible to believe in them for real. In this article, we study “Sanningen om Ma...

The advent of the Internet has been instrumental in producing new Game Based Learning (GBL) tools where education and games converge. Alternate Reality Games (ARGs) are one such GBL tool. Interactive narrative games that use the Internet as a central communications platform, ARGs challenge players to collaboratively collate a fragmented story. When used for educational purposes, Serious ARGs pr...

We develop a numerical scheme to determine which planar snake motions are optimal for locomotory efficiency, across a wide range of frictional parameter space. For a large coefficient of transverse friction, we show that retrograde traveling waves are optimal. We give an asymptotic analysis showing that the optimal wave amplitude decays as the -1/4 power of the coefficient of transverse frictio...

This paper depicts e paraphernalia of an alchemist who believed in imitating creation and generating a soul thereby. The magic wands of creation are a compass and a triangular carpenter's square. They can produce the dual natured soul Ruh or Spirit symbolized as Cock and Nafs of "the soul" as snake: The real creative energy by nature is ultrasonic energy, characterizing the word of command of t...

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Double checking is a standard practice in many areas of health care, notwithstanding the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy. We ask in this study: 'How do front line practitioners conceptualize double checking? What are the weaknesses of double checking? What alternate views of double checking could render it a more robust process?' METHOD This is part of ...

Three types of double-triangular mechanism are introduced. These contain planar, spherical or spatial triangle pairs that move with respect to each other while remaining in line contact. Using planar, spherical and spatial trigonometry, the three pertinent direct kinematic problems are solved and typical numerical examples are presented.