Sensitive response to low frequency cochlear distortion products in the auditory midbrain. Abstract During auditory stimulation with several frequency components, distortion products (DP) are generated as byproduct of nonlinear cochlear amplification. After generated DP energy is 20 reemitted into the ear channel where it can be measured as distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and it...

The small intestine contains CD4+CD8αα+ double-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (DP IELs), which originate from intestinal CD4+ T cells through down-regulation of the transcription factor Thpok and have regulatory functions. DP IELs are absent in germ-free mice, which suggests that their differentiation depends on microbial factors. We found that DP IEL numbers in mice varied in different v...

Maturational changes at the CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative (DN) to CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive (DP) transition are dependent on signals generated via the pre-T cell receptor (TCR) and the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase p56(lck) (Lck). How Lck activities are stimulated or relayed after pre-TCR formation remains obscure. Our structure-function mapping of Lck thymopoietic properties reveals th...

Thymic atrophy occurs during infection being associated with apoptosis of double positive (DP) and premature exit of DP and double negative (DN) thymocytes. We observed for the first time that a significant bone marrow aplasia and a decrease in common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) preceded thymic alterations in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, depletion of the DN2 stage was prev...

Maturational changes at the CD4 2 CD8 2 double negative (DN) to CD4 1 CD8 1 double positive (DP) transition are dependent on signals generated via the pre–T cell receptor (TCR) and the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase p56 lck (Lck). How Lck activities are stimulated or relayed after pre-TCR formation remains obscure. Our structure–function mapping of Lck thymopoietic properties reveals that ...

Notch1 is a transcription factor important for T-cell development. Notch1 is active in double negative (DN) thymocytes, while being depressed in double positive (DP) thymocytes. Synchronously, the expression of Bcl-2 becomes downregulated during the transition from DN to DP thymocytes. We previously observed that overexpression of an intracellular active Notch1 (ICN) in Bcl-2-positive 2B4 T cel...

We present a new open-view dynamic double-pass (DP) system for the study of accommodative response in binocular natural viewing conditions. The DP point spread function (PSF) eye is analyzed to compute Visual Strehl Ratio (VSR) fluctuation as time at 50 Hz frame rate. Preliminary results showed that proposed method can quantify temporal optical and visual quality both eyes simultaneously.

The evolutionarily conserved, secreted protein Twisted gastrulation (Tsg) modulates morphogenetic effects of decapentaplegic (dpp) and its orthologs, the bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2/4), in early Drosophila and vertebrate embryos. We have uncovered a role for Tsg at a much later stage of mammalian development, during T cell differentiation in the thymus. BMP4 is expressed by thymic...

We present an analysis of ψψ production from the double parton (DP) sacttering and the single parton (SP) scattering in the large pT region via color-octet gluon fragmentation. We find that the integrated cross section from the DP scattering dominates remarkably over that from the SP scattering in a rather wide range of pT (min) for J/ψ. For pT (min) = 5GeV the former is two order of magnitude ...

Hedgehog signaling regulates differentiation, survival, and proliferation of the earliest double-negative (DN) thymocytes, but its importance at later stages of T-cell development is controversial. Here we use loss- and gain-of-function mouse models to show that Shh, by signaling directly to the developing thymocyte, is a negative regulator of pre-TCR-induced differentiation from DN to double-p...