THiS REV,EW studies the humidi ty output of anaesthet ic sys tems in common use and the steps taken to improve them. The amount of water vapour which an a tmosphere can hold varies with temperature . The warmer the ambient gas mixture, the more water vapour it can contain. There is a max imum amount of water vapour which the a tmosphere can maintain at each tempera ture when it becomes saturate...

PURPOSE: Vascularized lymph node (VLN) transfer is a promising treatment option for patients suffering from lymphedema. Despite positive preliminary outcomes, several questions remain unanswered, including mechanism of action and optimal flap design. The purpose of this study was to: 1) evaluate the mechanism of lymph drainage through the VLN flap, and 2) investigate if the number of VLNs impac...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pleural effusions have a major impact on the cardiorespiratory system. This article reviews the pathophysiological effects of pleural effusions and pleural drainage, their relationship with breathlessness, and highlights key knowledge gaps. RECENT FINDINGS The basis for breathlessness in pleural effusions and relief following thoracentesis is not well understood. Many existi...

background: to determine factors that predicts icu and ward stay during hospitalization for coronary artery surgery. methods: data were collected retrospectively from 200 patients. icu and ward stay time was divided into two groups and compared by x 2 and t test and variables with a p value of less than 0.1 were included in logistic regression model. specificity and sensitivity of tests were ex...

Polymeric stabilizers are used in a broad range of processes and products, from pharmaceuticals and engine lubricants to formulated foods and shampoos. In rigid particulate systems, the stabilization mechanism is attributed to the repulsive force that arises from the compression of the polymer coating or "steric brush" on the interacting particles. This mechanism has dictated polymer design and...

various kinds of chemicals are used in papermaking to enhance paper properties and to improve efficiency of the production process. in the presence of cationic starch as an anionic charge catcher, effects of nano silica/cationic polyacrylamide complex on retention, drainage time, water volume drained by dynamic drainage jar and properties of paper recycled from old corrugated container were inv...

Sand coverings account for a large part of the cost of a project. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of different coatings for filtration of underground drains and reduce the cost of cornfield farms. The experiments were carried out in farm in Salman Farsi. The subsoil drainage was fitted to each test piece with a length of 120 meters, a diameter of 100 mm, and a distance ...