Rigid internal fixation with plates and screws is now standard for the treatment of fractures, osteotomies and reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. The latest innovations are self-drilling, self-tapping screws and locking miniplates. These screws offer the prospect of less instrumentation and faster application. Preclinical testing has shown them to be substantially more retentiv...

Abstract For multiple piece bone fractures orthopaedic surgeons often prefer drilling. During drilling (cortical and cancellous) heat is generated. Heat accumulation above tolerance level of biomaterial causes permanent injury. This leads to delayed restoration period. can be avoided by controlling drill tool geometrical aspects in depth information substructure. Among various angles tool, heli...

Engineering rock mass is normally subject to cyclic–dynamic disturbances from excavation, blasting, drilling, and earthquakes. Natural fractures in masses can be reactivated propagated under dynamic static loadings, which affects the stability of engineering. However, fractured failure induced by cyclic-impact far clear, especially considering varying angles between direction impact loadings. T...

This paper presents a series of numerical simulations to investigate blast-induced crack propagation in rock specimens embedded with pre-existing fracture. The simulation is conducted using the particle-based discrete element method, which can effectively capture many important geomechanical processes such as solid vibration, growth and fracture sliding. Particles are assembled based on grain s...

Drilling engineering is a high input and risk underground project, which needs the real-time down-hole diagnosis and forecast technique. Drilling string vibration signals contain full and complex vibration waves, which contains the vibration of the drilling string by itself, the vibration stimulated by the interaction of bit and the formation, the vibration induced by colliding between drill st...

Delineation of oxide and sulfide zones in mineral deposits, especially in gold deposits, is one of the most essential steps in an exploration project that has been traditionally carried out using the drilling results. Since in most mineral exploration projects there is a limited drilling dataset, application of geophysical data can reduce the error in delineation of the sulfide and oxide zones....

This paper presents main results of a shale stability study, related to the understanding of shale/ fluid interaction mechanisms, and discusses shale strength correlation. The major shale/ fluid interaction mechanisms: Capillary, osmosis, hydraulic, swelling and pressure diffusion, and recent experimental results are discussed. Factors affecting the shale strength are discussed, and a sonic com...

Interlocking nailing is a common surgical operation to stabilize fractures in long bones. One of the difficult parts of the surgery is how to locate the position and direction of a screw hole on the interlocking nail, which is invisible to the naked eye after insertion of the nail into the medullary canal. Here, we propose a novel two-stage targeting process using two passive magnetic devices t...

High-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) has revolutionized the oil and gas industry worldwide but has been accompanied by highly controversial incidents of reported water contamination. For example, groundwater contamination by stray natural gas and spillage of brine and other gas drilling-related fluids is known to occur. However, contamination of shallow potable aquifers by HVHF at depth has ...

BACKGROUND The possibility of physeal injury during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the pediatric population is a concern. The purpose of this study was to determine whether drilling at or near the physis could cause a temperature increase that could trigger chondrolysis. METHODS Skeletally immature cadaveric lamb distal femurs were used for this study and randomly placed in 1 of...