OBJECTIVE The authors investigated whether the transition from licit drug use to marijuana use is determined by particular risk factors, as specified by the gateway hypothesis. They also evaluated the accuracy of the "gateway sequence" (illicit drug use following licit drugs) for predicting a diagnosis of substance use disorder. METHOD Boys who consumed licit drugs only (N=99), boys who consu...

background:  the  current study examined race and ethnic differences in the separate and combined (additive) effects of anxiety, depression and problem drinking on the baseline and trajectory of subjective health among adult men in the united states. methods:  this longitudinal study used data from the fragile families and child well-being study. we included 4655 men, composed of 2407 blacks, 1...

Introduction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant drug used in the treatment of ADHD. Case Presentation: In this article, a case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which occurred in an 11-year-old boy with an increased dose of atomoxetin...

BACKGROUND The Children in the Community Study is a prospective longitudinal study investigating the association between early drug use (childhood, adolescence, and early 20s) and later psychiatric disorders (in the late 20s). METHODS Using data from a community-based sample of 736 adults (50% female) from upstate New York, the subjects were interviewed at the mean ages of 14, 16, 22, and 27 ...

core decompression (cd) of the femoral head is one of the effective treatments of avascular necrosis (avn), especially in the early stages of the disease. to investigate further the value of cd in treating the avn, this study was performed on patients with symptomatic avn with different etiologies who were treated with cd. this study was carried out on 25 patients (with the total number of 37 f...