The conditional time averaged gradient method was used to measure air-surface exchange of nitrogen and sulphur compounds at a semi-alpine site in Southern Norway. Dry deposition velocities were then obtained from the bi-weekly concentration gradient measurements. Annual deposition velocities were found to be 1.4, 11.8 and 4.0 mm s(-1) for NH3, HNO3 and SO2, respectively, if all data were includ...

Within the project EUropean Studies on Trace gases and Atmospheric CHemistry as a contribution to Large-scale Biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia (LBA-EUSTACH), we performed tower-based eddy covariance measurements of O3 flux above an Amazonian primary rain forest at the end of the wet and dry season. Ozone deposition revealed distinct seasonal differences in the magnitude and diel vari...

Atmospheric transport is an important route by which pollutants are conveyed from the continents to both coastal and open sea. The role of aerosol deposition in the transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and polybromodiphenyls ethers (PBDEs) to water and soil systems has been evaluated by measuring their concentrations in wet and dry depositions to the ...

In recent years, the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has caused serious environmental pollution, especially particulate pollution. As the "Earth's kidneys," wetland plays a significant role in improving the environmental quality and adjusting the climate. To study how wetlands work in this aspect, from the early autumn of 2014 to 2015, we implemented a study to measure t...

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objective(s): it has been suggested that the efficiency of dry poder inhaler (dpi) is generally low. therefore, the aim of the present research work was to use the solvent treatment of the carrier in dpiformulations to see the possibility of inducing desirable characteristics.   materials and methods: lactose sieve fractions of 63-90 μm were submerged in ethanol or 80% v/v ethanol, methanol or ...

Air samples were collected at a highway intersection, coastal location and suburban area in Taichung, Taiwan for the characterization of nitrate containing particulates (NCPs) in dry deposition from October 2002 to February 2003. Sampling was accomplished with a surrogate surface technique in non-raining days. Collecting tapes were precoated with nitron (C20H16N4) in a vacuum evaporator control...

Mires are among the ecosystems most affected by eutrophication caused excessive nitrogen (N) inputs via N deposition of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO 3 – ), nitric acid (HNO dioxide 2 and ammonia (NH ). As NH emissions mostly generated agriculture, a particular conflict interest exists in areas where agricultural production systems located nearby sensitive ecosystems, as often is case Switzerlan...