we introduce the notions of t-dual rickart and strongly t-dual rickart modules. we provide several characterizations and investigate properties of each of these concepts. it is shown that every free (resp. finitely generated free) $r$-module is t-dual rickart if and only if $overline{z}^2(r)$ is a  direct summand of $r$ and end$(overline{z}^2(r))$ is a semisimple (resp. regular) ring. it is sho...

OBJECTIVE To determine if the metabolic cost of the incremental shuttle-walking test protocol is the same as treadmill walking or predicted values of walking-speed equations. SETTING Primary care (community-based cardiac rehabilitation). PARTICIPANTS Eight Caucasian cardiac rehabilitation patients (7 males) with a mean age of 67±5.2 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Oxygen con...

Die Shuttle-Heterodifunktionalisierungsreaktion, bei der zwei chemisch unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen zwischen Molekülen übertragen werden, war lange Zeit ein unerreichtes Ziel, da die Kontrolle Chemo-, Regio- und Stereoselektivität eine große Herausforderung darstellt. Wir präsentieren hier elektrochemische Shuttle-Reaktion (e-Shuttle), um selektiv RS- X-Gruppe β-Halogensulfiden ungesät...

Very early promoters of viruses control the proper cascade expression of viral genes and are essential for completion of virus life cycles. These promoters are usually rare and weak and do not encode structural proteins. As a result, they are difficult to identify. In order to identify and clone the very early promoters of a large eukaryotic DNA virus, the Hz-1 virus, a novel cloning strategy w...

In vitro reconstruction of the L-lactate/pyruvate shuttle has been performed, which allows NADH oxidation outside rat heart mitochondria. Such a shuttle occurs due to the combined action of the novel mitochondrial L-lactate/pyruvate antiporter, which differs from the monocarboxylate carrier, and the mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase. The rate of L-lactate/pyruvate antiport proved to regulat...

Novel innovative catalytic systems such as hydrogen-bond donors and thiourea hybrid catalysts have been developed for the asymmetric synthesis of biologically important pharmaceuticals natural products. Benzothiadiazines possess a stronger donor ability compared to thioureas exhibit remarkable performance activation ?,?-unsaturated amides. Hybrid (bearing an arylboronic acid ammonium salt) effi...