i ntroduction: the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether adding 2% chlorhexidine (chx) and 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) to calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement would affect its setting time (st), or not. methods and materials: in this study, the setting time of cem cement was evaluated in three groups ( n =9) as follows: group 1; cem cement, group 2; cem cement+2% chx and group ...

the process of determining the minimum pass level to separate the competent students from those who do not perform well enough is called standard setting. a large number of methods are widely used to set cut-scores for both written and clinical examinations. there are some challenging issues pertaining to any standard setting procedure. ignoring these concerns would result in a large dispute re...

background: intrapartam complications such as foetal malpresentation, placental abruption, dysfunctional labour, and postpartum haemorrhage are associated with grandmultiparity. in developing countries and many parts of africa and sub-saharan africa, there is limited access to medical care. there is a need in these areas to identify women whose pregnancies are at risk of complication and it is ...

Our image of the working scientist remains inherently romantic (1). We envision an individual, working alone, pursuing knowledge in an area solely for its intrinsic interest. As attractive as the image may be, it has little to do with the realities of current work in the sciences (2, 3, 4). Scientists work in a distinctly social setting, conducting their work in both collaboration and competiti...

This paper discusses themes associated with the enterprise of educational research, particularly as it applies to notions of ontology and epistemology in ‘quantitative’ and ‘qualitative’ methodologies. It begins by identifying the ‘space’ that educational research occupies in the contemporary social setting and indicates the growing complexities of the ‘real world’ which researchers contemplate...

Despite the ubiquitous reference to the concept of social norms in the social sciences, there is no consensus about the power of social norms to direct human action. For some, norms have a central and regular influence on human behavior, while for others, the concept is too vague, and the evidence we have about norm compliance is too contradictory to support the claim that they appreciably affe...

BACKGROUND Studying animal cognition in a social setting is associated with practical and statistical challenges. However, conducting cognitive research without disturbing species-typical social groups can increase ecological validity, minimize distress, and improve animal welfare. Here, we review the existing literature on cognitive research run with primates in a social setting in order to de...

During their stay on death row, inmates have an abundance of free time with which they need to fill. Many inmates will turn to religion in order to preoccupy themselves. This research project set out to analyze the nature of religious coping among death row inmates. I propose that an inmate who is actively involved with their religion while coping will be able to cope with the social setting of...

BACKGROUND Due to outdoor and residual transmission and insecticide resistance, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) will be insufficient as stand-alone malaria vector control interventions in many settings as programmes shift toward malaria elimination. Combining additional vector control interventions as part of an integrated strategy would potentially ove...

Bystanders in a real world's social setting have the ability to influence people's beliefs and behavior. This study examines whether this effect can be recreated in a virtual environment, by exposing people to virtual bystanders in a classroom setting. Participants (n = 26) first witnessed virtual students answering questions from an English teacher, after which they were also asked to answer q...