Nature recreation conflicts with conservation, but its impacts on wildlife are not fully understood. Where recreation is not regulated, visitors to natural areas may gather in large numbers on weekends and holidays. This may increase variance in fitness in wild populations, if individuals whose critical life cycle stages coincide with periods of high human disturbance are at a disadvantage. We ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether mortality and clinical outcomes vary for injured patients in a mature trauma system on weeknights and weekends compared with weekdays. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Pennsylvania trauma system. PATIENTS A total of 90,461 patients over 5 years. INTERVENTION Treatment at a level I, II, or III trauma center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In-hospital mort...

OBJECTIVE To assess daily variations in ambulance calls for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), mental and behavioral disorders, and external causes in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia, in 2000-2008. STUDY DESIGN A population-based study. METHODS Data about all ambulance calls during the years 2000-2008 were obtained from the Arkhangelsk ambulance station. Information about patient's gender, age, ...

This study examined sources of variability in habitual physical activity of children, and the minimum number of days required for estimating children's habitual physical activity levels using pedometers. A total of 31 children wore two pedometers during five weekdays and four weekend days. A two random facet completely crossed design was conducted with two-way analysis of variances across weekd...

Targeting the weekend to promote physical activity (PA) in children seems to be promising given that they tend to be less physically active and, particularly, as the age-related decline in PA is more marked during weekends. Considering the ambiguity of why children are not able to maintain their PA level on weekends, the aim of the present study was to objectively investigate differences in chi...

Factors contributing to the high rate of discard among deceased donor kidneys remain poorly understood and the influence of resource limitations of weekends on kidney transplantation is unknown. To quantify this we used data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and assembled a retrospective cohort of 181,799 deceased donor kidneys recovered for transplantation from 2000-2013. W...