The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) will be used as the signalling protocol in the IP Multimedia (IM) Subsystem of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) UMTS networks. Using the protocol on a large scale to provide equivalent telephony service requires Quality of Service (QoS) observations. This paper discusses SIP signalling resources and their impact on the QoS. The first part summa...

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Objective: It is believed that drivers play a crucial role in accidents. Paying attention to brake lights, a driver may find out about danger and react. Rear-end collision accidents refer to the part of the accidents due to driver inattention or slow reaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dynamic flashing brake lights (7 Hz) on drivers' brake reaction time using the driv...