Maladaptive plasticity at corticostriatal synapses plays an important role in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Recently, it has been shown that synaptic plasticity is closely linked to morphologic changes of dendritic spines. To evaluate morphologic changes of dendritic spines of two types of striatal medium spiny neurons, which project to the internal segment of globus pallidus ...

Tardive dyskinesia has been and continues to be a significant problem associated with long-term antipsychotic use, but its pathophysiology remains unclear. In the last 10 years, preclinical studies of the administration of antipsychotics to animals, as well as clinical studies of oxidative processes in patients given antipsychotic medications, with and without tardive dyskinesia, have continued...

BACKGROUND We have suggested recently that there may be a subgroup of schizophrenia, namely schizophrenia with dyskinesia and striatal pathology. Might movement disorders be more common in relatives of those with schizophrenia and dyskinesia than in relatives of those without dyskinesia? Aims To determine the prevalence of abnormal movements in first-degree relatives of people with schizophreni...

BACKGROUND The aim was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of difficult to manage dyskinesia associated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). A small subset of STN DBS patients experience troublesome dyskinesia despite optimal programming and medication adjustments. This group of patients has been referred to by some practitioners as brittle STN DBS-induced dys...

One of the characteristic symptoms of patients with Parkinson Disease (PD) is a rigidity of movement. These symptoms disappear after administration of Levodopa. However, the long-term use of levodopa causes involuntary movements (dyskinesia). A proper diagnosis requires an automatic, unsupervised method for the detection and classification of levodopa induced dyskinesia. The main problem, howev...

Eleven patients with Huntington's disease and nine patients with tardive dyskinesia participated in a randomised double-blind crossover trial of sulpiride (as sole antidopaminergic therapy) versus placebo. Although functional improvement was not seen in Huntington's disease patients, sulpiride reduced movement count and total dyskinesia score in both conditions. Sulpiride differs pharmacologica...

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Southampton Children’s Hospital, Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK Molecular Medicine Unit and Birth Defects Research Centre, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, UK Division of Services for Women and Ch...

The dyskinesia of Parkinson's Disease is most likely due to excess levels of dopamine in the striatum. The mechanism may be due to aberrant synthesis but also, a deficiency or absence of the Dopamine Transporter. In this study we have examined the proposition that reinstating Dopamine Transporter expression in the striatum would reduce dyskinesia. We transplanted c17.2 cells that stably express...

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a constellation of epigastric symptoms originating in the gastroduodenal region without organic and metabolic cause. However, similar confounding symptoms can also appear in patients with gallbladder (GB) dyskinesia. Therefore, symptoms of GB dyskinesia may be mistaken for FD. We aimed to identify GB dyskinesia as a cause of FD symptoms compatible with the Rome IV c...