INTRODUCTION When directly exposed to various echinacea fractions, human leukocytes ex vivo are strongly stimulated to proliferate and to produce immunostimulation and inflammatory cytokines. A comparison of fractions containing lipoidal small molecules and high-molecular-weight water-soluble polysaccharides indicates that the latter are substantially more potent as immunostimulants. Echinacea ...

      Plants of Asteraceae are used in traditional medicine and phytotherapy. The two main caffeic acid derivatives, chicoric and caftaric acid which are found in many genus of Asteraceae including Echinacea exhibit important biological activities. The level of these acids in E. purpurea is affected by many factors such as growing situations, extraction methods, storage condit...

Abstract Attractive displays can stimulate sales in the retail setting. With most plants still sold physical outlets, influence of display layout on visual behavior and purchasing is interest to academicians practitioners. Using a within-subjects in-lab experiment eye tracking technology, we explored how cognitive load imposed by horticultural affects attention choice. Display layouts were vari...

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Asteraceae, a native of North America is among the most frequently utilized Echinacea spp. for medicinal, cosmetic, and beverage preparations. Most of the echinacea preparations in the industry originate from wild harvesting and few from non-standardized (unregulated) cultivation and harvesting. According to the recent reports (Brevoort 1996), echinacea preparati...