Chronic infection by high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains may lead to cancer. Expression of the two viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 is largely responsible for immortalization of infected cells. The HPV E6 is a small (approximately 150 residues) two domain protein that interacts with a number of cellular proteins including the ubiquitin ligase E6-associated protein (E6AP) and several PDZ-do...

The conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins plays an important role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Deregulation of this pathway has been associated with different human disorders including cancer and neurodege nerative diseases. For ubiquitylation, ubiquitin is initially activated by a ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1) at the expense of adenosine triphosphate (ATP; see Figure 1a)...

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of strong human carcinogen viruses considered to be the fourth leading cause of mortality among women in the world. HPV is the most important cause of cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer in women living in low and middle-income countries. To date, there is no effective cure for an ongoing HPV infection; therefore, it is required to in...