The ear lobule is an important reference point for symmetry of the face and its loss causes an obvious aesthetic abnormality. Type II A defects are characterized by loss of the ear lobule without presence of a nubbin of tissue attached to the cheek. Such defects are typically seen in individuals having an unattached ear lobule. The goal of surgery should be an aesthetically pleasing reconstruct...

In various patterns of sensorineural hearing loss including Ménière's disease, which may show improvement in auditory function following immunosuppressive therapy, an isolated autoimmune disease of the inner ear has been postulated. Because of the lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria to identify autoimmune processes within the inner ear and the fact that the human inner ear is one of the fe...

osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder with an expression that varies from mild to severe disease affecting bone, sclera and middle ear. fertility is preserved, especially in those patients with type 1. we present hereby a pregnant woman with osteogenesis imperfecta that had over 30 fractures in long bones and vertebrae. the object of this report was to determine...

in order to evaluate of diversity among new maize hybrids for quantitative and morphological traits, 17 new single cross maize hybrids were studied in shahrood agriculture research station using randomized complete blocks design with four replications. results showed that five independent factors were responsible for significant correlation between 16 measured traits and explained 89.18% of tot...

The burgeoning field of epigenetics is beginning to make a significant impact on our understanding of tissue development, maintenance, and function. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the structure and activity of the genome in response to intracellular and environmental cues that direct cell-type specific gene networks. The inner ear is comprised of highly specialized cell types with identical gen...