This article compares the relationship between patent quality and patent value in discrete and cumulative innovation. Using factor analysis and a set of various commonly used patent quality indicators including claims, citations and family size, we build a quality factor jointly driving all indicators for 9255 patents. We then test the significance of this quality factor for predicting patent r...

Micromechanical resonators are promising replacements for quartz crystals for timing and frequency references owing to potential for compactness, integrability with CMOS fabrication processes, low cost, and low power consumption. To be used in high performance reference application, resonators should obtain a high quality factor. The limit of the quality factor achieved by a resonator is set by...

Graphene's unparalleled strength, stiffness, and low mass per unit area make it an ideal material for nanomechanical resonators, but its relatively low quality factor is an important drawback that has been difficult to overcome. Here, we use a simple procedure to fabricate circular mechanical resonators of various diameters from graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. In addition to highly...

We propose a platform to achieve ultra-high Quality factor (Q) optical resonators based on semiconductor nanowires. By defining onedimensional photonic crystal at nanowire ends and engineering the microcavity pattern, cavities with Q of 3 x 10(5) and mode volume smaller than 0.2(lambda/n)(3) have been designed. This represents an increase of almost three orders of magnitude over the Quality fac...

BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a major public health concern. To date there are few rigorous economic evaluations of interventions aimed at preventing IPV in low-income settings. This study provides a cost and cost effectiveness analysis of SASA!, a community mobilisation intervention to change social norms and prevent IPV. METHODS An economic evaluation alongside a cluster ...

We perform classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of mechanical strain on single-layer black phosphorus nanoresonators at different temperatures. We find that the resonant frequency is highly anisotropic in black phosphorus due to its intrinsic puckered configuration, and that the quality factor in the armchair direction is higher than in the zigzag direction at roo...

our aim was to make right and informative decision about choosing the most cost-effectiveness heterogeneous infectious waste treatment methods and devices.in this descriptive study, decision tree analysis, with 10-yr time horizon in bottom-up approach was used to estimate the costs and effectiveness criteria of the employed devices at provider perspective in iranian hospitals. we used the one-w...

The Optimal Filtering (OF) reconstruction of the sampled signals from a particle detector such as a liquid ionization calorimeter relies on the knowledge of the normalized pulse shapes. This knowledge is always imprecise, since there are residual differences between the true ionization pulse shapes and the predicted ones, whatever the method used to model or fit the particle–induced signals. Th...

OBJECTIVE To ascertain the cost effectiveness of targeted interventions for female sex workers (FSW) under the National AIDS Control Programme in India. METHODS A compartmental mathematical Markov state model was used over a 20-year time horizon (1995-2015) to estimate the cost effectiveness of FSW targeted interventions, with a health system perspective. The incremental costs and effects of ...