Distribution and allocation of resources is affected by factors such as values, norms, social stratifications, ideology, information, coercion, political challenges, and even external factors. This finding means that there is always a fundamental tendency to redirect resources toward political goals instead of public interests and development. Because the resource structure is strongly influenc...

globalization, as the most important change at recent age, depends on developing of science, technology and information. it has several effects on aspects of human activities such as social and political studies and changing ideas. moreover, power, the central concept in politics, has confronted different approaches. so, any subject, e.g. political development, needs re-definition and re-explan...

Many practical environmental assessment and management tasks are tasks which need to cross boundaries, in particular thematic, spatial, political and organisational boundaries. Typical examples are cross-border management of emergencies in Europe, eg flood management, where an IT system in practice would have to integrate data and information processess across at least 4 countries and at 6 to 8...

post – materialism and political science development dr. hossein salimi in social science area, some think that scientific studies require and content a hidden materialism. they believe a sort of interconnection and synchronization between materialism and scientific studies, however emerging and expansion of post-materialism school reveals that it is not right. in the article it will be endeavo...

the present paper subject is analysis of socioeconomic and cultural issues affecting electoral participation in turks, kurds and baluch. the theoretical framework of the study based on lipset and huntington's approach to analyzing the impact of economic development on democratization and the recent opinion of the thinkers, such as almond and verba and jill on the effect of culture on democ...

It is a piece of idle senthentality that truth, merely as truth, has any inherent power denied to error, or prevailing against the dungeon and the stake. Men are not more zealous for truth than they often are for error, and a sufficient application oflegal or even of social penalties will generally succeed in stopping the propagation of either. The real advantage which truth has, consists in th...

This paper develops a theory of the interaction between appropriative conflict and economic growth. Appropriative conflict, as measured by the diversion of resources, is viewed as the cost of securing effective property rights. We identify conditions under which conflict rises or falls as the rate of economic growth improves. The main implication of the analysis is that if the quality of proper...

in this article, after examining the definitions of »political stability«, the impact of political stability and instability on development is explained. but, beyond the limited definition of political stability, its broad meaning, including social and political environment, is the major concern of this article. in order to realize development, it is necessary to have a calm and peaceful socio-...