RATIONALE Spatial heterogeneity in connexin (Cx) expression has been implicated in arrhythmogenesis. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to quantify the relation between the degree of heterogeneity in Cx43 expression and disturbances in electric propagation. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell pairs and strands composed of mixtures of Cx43(-/-) (Cx43KO) or GFP-expressing Cx43(+/+) (WT(GFP)) murine vent...

Electric fields can stimulate excitable tissue by a number of mechanisms. A uniform long, straight peripheral axon is activated by the gradient of the electric field that is oriented parallel to the fiber axis. Cortical neurons in the brain are excited when the electric field, which is applied along the axon-dendrite axis, reaches a particular threshold value. Cardiac tissue is thought to be de...

in this article, the linear array (with 20 elements in the horizontal orientation) of microstrip antenna is examined with horizontal polarization. the set includes three microstrip substrates. there is a power network in two lower substrates and microstrip patches in the upper substrate. excitation of patches has been done as coupled through the power network in two lower substrates. using the ...

We demonstrate that engineered artificial gold chiral nanostructures display significant levels of non-linear optical activity even without plasmonic enhancement. Our work suggests that although plasmonic excitation enhances the intensity of second harmonic emission it is not a prerequisite for significant non-linear (second harmonic) optical activity. It is also shown that the non-linear optic...

In ultra high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF MRI), the complex interaction of the electromagnetic wave used for excitation with the dielectric load of the human body results in spatially varying magnetic and electric fields that are highly dependent on intersubject anatomical variations. Based on these spatially varying, subject-dependent magnetic and electric field maps, we must design ...

Rationale: Spatial heterogeneity in connexin (Cx) expression has been implicated in arrhythmogenesis. Objective: This study was performed to quantify the relation between the degree of heterogeneity in Cx43 expression and disturbances in electric propagation. Methods and Results: Cell pairs and strands composed of mixtures of Cx43 / (Cx43KO) or GFP-expressing Cx43 / (WTGFP) murine ventricular m...

We study experimentally and theoretically structural defects which are formed during the transition from a laser cooled cloud to a Coulomb crystal, consisting of tens of ions in a linear radio frequency trap. We demonstrate the creation of predicted topological defects ("kinks") in purely two-dimensional crystals and also find kinks which show novel dynamical features in a regime of parameters ...

Spectroscopic methods with high spatial resolution are essential for understanding the physical and chemical properties of nanoscale materials including biological proteins, quantum structures and nanocomposite materials. In this paper, we describe microscopic techniques which rely on the enhanced electric field near a sharp, laser-irradiated metal tip. This confined light-source can be used fo...

Inspired by Babinet's principle, we proposed a new plasmonic structure for enhancing the optical magnetic field, i.e. split ring aperture, whose complement is the well-known split ring. The split ring aperture exhibits a much better performance under radially polarized excitation than linearly polarized excitation. We attribute the ultra-high intensity enhancement in magnetic field to the symme...

2014 We have observed the direct single-photon electric dipole excitation of the 7 2S1/2 state of cesium, by exciting the 6 2S1/2 ground state in an external d. c. electric field of 10 to 1 000 V/cm with a single-mode, c. w., tunable dye laser. The resonance was detected by monitoring the decay fluorescence from the excited state. We verified the selection rules obeyed by the hyperfine transiti...