An operation of any electromechanical device, in that number electric machines, it is electric motors and generators, can be seen as: a) An impact of magnetic field on a piece of ferromagnetic material, b) An interaction of two magnetic fields: magnetic field of primary part and magnetic field of secondary part; the secondary magnetic field can be generated: either by a current flowing in a win...

Original scientific paper By introducing a novel permanent magnetic bi-stable electromagnetic clutch unit (PMBECU) in the driveline of directly-driven electric vehicle, a flexible connection between motor and hub is realized with characteristic of separated starting process of drive motor and wheel load. Firstly, the working principle and power supply scheme for the PMBECU is discussed. Then th...

Classical configurations of a M2-brane, a D2-brane and D0-branes are investigated in the background of NS5-branes. On the M2-brane, we discuss three kinds of configurations, such as a sphere, a cylinder and a torus-like one. These are stabilized by virtue of the background fluxes of NS5-branes. The torus-like M2-brane configuration has winding and momentum numbers of 11th direction, and in term...

The paper presents a detailed calculation of characteristic of five different topology permanent magnet machines for high performance traction including hybrid -electric vehicles using finite element analysis (FEA) method. These machines include V-shape single layer interior PM, W-shape single-layer interior PM, Segment interior PM and surface PM on the rotor and with distributed winding on the...

In this paper we reinvestigate photon. We show that photon with a specific frequency can be identified with the Dirac magnetic monopole. We give a model of quantum electrodynamics from which we derive photon as a quantum loop of this model. This nonlinear loop model of photon is exactly solvable and thus may be regarded as a quantum soliton. From the winding numbers of this loop model of photon...

A hallmark of Weyl semimetal is the existence of surface Fermi arcs. An intriguing question is what determines the connectivity of surface Fermi arcs, when multiple pairs of Weyl nodes are present. To answer this question, we show that the locations of surface Fermi arcs are predominantly determined by the condition that the Zak phase integrated along the normal-to-surface direction is . The Za...

We study the boundary state associated with the decay of an unstable D-brane with uniform electric field, 1 > e > 0 in the string units. Compactifying the D-brane along the direction of the electric field, we find that the decay process is dominated by production of closed strings with some winding numbers; closed strings produced are such that the winding mode carries precisely the fraction e ...

For cholesteric and chiral smectic liquid crystals a rotation of the helical superstructure can be induced for suitable boundary conditions for external fields such as temperature gradients and electric fields: the Lehmann effect. Here we predict that the inverse effect can lead to a pump for particles and ions on a length scale of microns: When a spatial pattern such as a phase winding pattern...

The correlation functions of open Wilson line operators in two-dimensional YangMills theory on the noncommutative torus are computed exactly. The correlators are expressed in two equivalent forms. An instanton expansion involves only topological numbers of Heisenberg modules and enables extraction of the weak-coupling limit of the gauge theory. A dual algebraic expansion involves only group the...

To achieve a carbon-neutral sustainable future, the transportation sector is experiencing quick electrification, as more and vehicles are driven by electric motors. Electric motors designing powerful thus pose great increasing challenge for thermal management. In this paper, an innovative experimental study on oil spray end winding management were presented. The results indicated that cooling s...