Coal-mine effluent treatment has the potential to both reduce environmental impact of and provide economic opportunities by recovering valuable minerals clean water. In this study, we modeled a novel process, which includes nanofiltration (NF), two-step crystallization, reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), multi-effect distillation (MED), NaCl crystallizer, performed techno-economic anal...

As engineers, a confliction readily appears in regards to cost efficiency against quality. Civil Engineer A of Peace Corps was assigned the task of the design and building of a desalination though electrodialysis plant in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Desalination is the process of removing high salt contents from groundwater in order to render it drinkable. Of the total volume of water on Earth,...

operating parameters and membrane characteristics strongly affect the performance of electrodialysis reversal systems. the most impactful factors are applied voltage, flow rate, temperature, initial feed composition, and ion exchange membrane characteristics; the ph of the feed also has an effect, although to a lesser extent. to determine more precisely how all of these factors impact performan...

Besides the production process, the product recovery must be also taken into consideration – not only because of its usually high contribution to the total process costs but also on account of the necessity of integrating it on-line into the production process if the product is inhibitory. In the case of pyruvate, some indications have been published that high extra-cellular pyruvate concentrat...

Desalination systems have become an important part of many water supply networks, and they have also been considered as solutions for water shortages and in areas in which access to clean and safe water is still a problem. The quality of available water that is encountered in these situations tends to vary significantly, ranging from seawater to just slightly brackish water to even just water w...

Chloride ion, the majority salt in nature, is ∼52% faster than sodium ion (DNa+ = 1.33, DCl- = 2.03[10(-9)m(2)s(-1)]). Yet, current electrochemical desalination technologies (e.g. electrodialysis) rely on bipolar ion conduction, removing one pair of the cation and the anion simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate that novel ion concentration polarization desalination can enhance salt removal under...

The main purpose of the present work was to develop a treatment method to regenerate granular adsorbent beds saturated with H(2)S by utilizing three electrodialysis compartments equipped with a cation or an anion exchange membrane or a bipolar membrane. Three electrodialysis compartments were utilized under various experimental parameters to determine the optimum conditions for the recovery of ...

As population growth continues to outpace development of water infrastructure in many countries, desalination (the removal of salts from seawater) at high energy efficiency will likely become a vital source of fresh water. Due to its atomic thinness combined with its mechanical strength, porous graphene may be particularly well-suited for electrodialysis desalination, in which ions are removed ...