Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are substances that respond to an applied magnetic field with a change in their rheological behavior. Though they are functionally similar to electrorheological (ER) fluids, MR fluids exhibit much higher yield strengths for applied magnetic fields than ER fluids for applied electric fields. The devices using MR fluids have an ability to provide high-torque, low-in...

A metamaterial structure formed by foamed metal and starch and oil-based electrorheological (ER) fluid is designed in this paper. Experiments show that the metamaterial structure exhibits a regulation effect on the amplitude and phase of the transmitted waves of 35–80 kHz ultrawideband ultrasonic waves in water. With the increase of the electric field, the transmission amplitude and phase of th...

The yield stress of magnetorheological ͑MR͒ fluids depends on the induced solid structure. Since thick columns have a yield stress much higher than a single-chain structure, we improve the yield stress of MR fluids by changing the fluid microstructure. Immediately after a magnetic field is applied, we compress the MR fluid along the field direction. Scanning electron microscopy images show that p...

Electrorheological (ER) materials are suspensions of micron sized particles in insulating, dielectric fluids. The mechanical properties of these materials can be controlled by regulating an electric field through them. Variable properties include stiffness, damping, and yielding behavior. At high electric fields, material property changes are rapid and immediately reversible. ER technology has ...

Cellulose particles, their derivatives and composites have special environmentally benign features and are abundant in nature with their various applications. This review paper introduces the essential properties of several types of cellulose and their derivatives obtained from various source materials, and their use in electro-responsive electrorheological (ER) suspensions, which are smart flu...

A continuum mechanical model is presented to analyze the negative electrorheological responses of a particle-liquid mixture with the suspended micro-particles undergoing Quincke rotation for both Couette and Poiseuille flow geometries by combining particle electromechanics and continuum antisymmetric/couple stress analyses in the zero spin viscosity limit. We propose a phenomenological polariza...

We show that the chemical structures of silicone oils can have an important role in the giant electrorheological (GER) effect. The interaction between silicone oils and solid nanoparticles is found to significantly influence the ER effect. By increasing the kinematic viscosity of silicone oils, which is a function of siloxane chain length, sol-like, gel-like and clay-like appearances of the con...