Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) genes, AtLEC1 and AtLEC2, are important embryonic regulators that play key roles in morphogenesis and maturation phases during embryo development. Ectopic expression of AtLEC1 and AtLEC2 in tobacco caused abnormality in transgenic seedling. When transgenic seeds germinated on medium containing 30 µM DEX, LEC1 transgenic seedlings were ivory and fleshy, with une...

Embryogenic callus was obtained from mature seed explants on medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Primary somatic embryos (SEs) can only develop into abnormal plants. Well-developed SEs could be obtained through secondary somatic embryogenesis both in solid and liquid cultures. Temperature strongly affected induction frequency of secondary embryogenesis. Relatively high temp...

The aim of this study was to isolate mouse embryonic stem cells from late blastocyst stage embryos and to use them as a model system for the study of hematopoietic induction outside the embryo by coculturing of embryonic stem cells with bone marrow stromal cells. Blastocyst stage embryos from pregnant NMRI mice were obtained and cultured for 1-2 days in DMEM medium. The inner cell masses formed...

Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) is a wild flower with high and valuable oil content. High seedshattering, indeterminate inflorescence and heterogeneous germination limit the commercial cultivation ofthis plant. Besides agronomical research, breeding programs can also remedy the above mentioned problems.Since traditional breeding methods take a long time, using techniqu...

embryo culture were used to produce inter specific walnut hybrid plants between juglans nigra l. and j. regia l. developed ovaries were collected from j. rejia female flowers which were pollinated with j. nigra pollen grain by high dusting on a mature tree. in order to isolate embryos, exocarps were aseptically removed. isolated embryos from ovules at different developmental stages were transfe...

Callus was obtained from leaf explants of Cephaelis ipecacuanha on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l Kin, 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 3% (w/v) sucrose [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. Plant Physiol. 15, 437±497]. Plantlet regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was achieved on MS medium containing 2.5 mg/l Kin, 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Maturation and germina...

Immature, mature and endosperm-supported mature embryos of six triticale cultivars (BDMT-98-8S, Melez-2001, Mikham-2002, Presto, Tacettin Bey and Tatlicak-97) were cultured in vitro to compare the levels of callus induction and plant regeneration. Immature embryos, 15-18 days after anthesis, were aseptically excised and placed with the scutellum upwards on a callus culture medium consisting of ...