This paper reviews the historical record of Canadian emigration to the United States and analyses recent changes in the economic incentives for emigration to the U.S., focussing on differences by education. For at least the past 60 years, Canadians living in the United States have been bettereducated than those who remained in Canada. This pattern of selective emigration may have intensified re...

The utility of postcensal population estimates depends on the adequate measurement of four major components of demographic change: fertility, mortality, immigration, and emigration. Of the four components, emigration, especially of the foreign-born, has proved the most difficult to gauge. Without "direct" methods (i.e., methods identifying who emigrates and when), demographers have relied on in...

This article summarizes the recent literature on population momentum, usually defined as the subsequent population growth or decline after replacement conditions have been achieved. We review total momentum, its constituent parts (nonstable and stable momentum), trends over time, and how momentum is affected by immigration and emigration. Numerical examples are provided. The unifying concept is...

Abstract We carry out a complete study on the relationship between Cox processes driven by interacting Feller diffusions and death sequences of immigration–emigration linked population networks. It is first proved that the Cox process driven by a Feller diffusion is equivalent to the death sequence of a birth and death process. The conclusion is then generalized to the case of Cox processes dri...

International migration flows largely reflect demographic patterns and economic opportunities. Migration increase in expected income other pull factors potential destinations, push the origin, like high unemployment, low wages, population growth. decrease geographic cultural distance between origin destination, costs. To extent that migrants are employed, immigration can alleviate challenges ar...

Tropical Southeast (SE) Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots. Here, we examine the assembly of the SE Asian biota through time and space. We conduct meta-analyses of geological, climatic, and biological (including 61 phylogenetic) data sets to test which areas have been the sources of long-term biological diversit...