A common failure mode for landfills is clogging of the leachate collection system. Based on the studies of clogging about landfill leachate collection system, the influence factors about clog were comprehensively and systematically analyzed .The results show that calcium is the dominant mineral of the dry mass of clog material, and CaCO3 is the main component of the clog. The growth of biomass,...

Clogging of permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICP) due to the sediment contained in stormwater runoff has been shown to significantly reduce their infiltration capacity over time. Numerous studies have used laboratory-based PICP models and synthetic stormwater in an attempt to replicate and predict the clogging processes that occur in PICP field installations. A variety of sediment ty...

increasing water distribution uniformity in micro irrigation systems has been an important subject in applied researches. despite considerable progress in emitters’ construction, some research reports refer to their incapability in water distribution uniformity. in order to achieve greater uniformity in micro irrigation, it is necessary to manufacture emitters with low variation in manufacturin...

In this study, we analyzed the hydrogeochemistry of 350 underground wells in northern region state Minas Gerais, Brazil, for water-chemical parameters that may contribute to chemical clogging emitters drip irrigation systems. Risk class maps were generated each parameter, and area was classified based on water characteristics, considering degree water-use restriction micro-irrigation (i.e., no,...

In this paper, a split-flow channel layout with one (group) inlet and two outlets is adopted, based on computational fluid dynamics technology, compared the current commonly used outlet emitter. On premise of same spacing, pressure–flow relationship curve slope emitter were analyzed under three layouts non-return, single-sided re-entry, bilateral different widths lengths. When exploring influen...

The world demand on food is increasing by the global population growing. World production can be increased intensifying crop land already under cultivation and expanding planted to crops. success of both methods will depend judicious use fertilizers. Fertigation application plant nutrients through irrigation water. It a modern agro-technique provides an excellent opportunity maximize yield mini...

Clogging of the tundish nozzle is a major castability problem in continuous casting of steel for several reasons. Firstly, clogging increases the frequency of operation disruptions to change nozzles or tundishes or even to stop casting. These extra transitions increase operating cost, decrease productivity, and lower quality. Secondly, clogging can lead directly to a variety of quality problems...

Clogging of subsurface flow (SSF) treatment wetlands due to excess biofilm growth is a design problem for which only empirical guidelines exist. A method is proposed to systematically analyze this type of clogging as a design tool. In recognition of the physical reality that most SSF treatment wetland processes are a function of biofilm surface area, a Damköhler number (Da) definition based on ...

In this paper we study a scheme for making cryptanalysis and security improvement. This protocol by Song, is a password authentication protocol using smart card. We note that this protocol has been shown to be prone to the offline password guessing attack. We perform an additional cryptanalysis on this scheme and detect that it is vulnerable to the clogging attack, a type of denial-of-service a...

Causes for the increase of the pressure loss of fine bubble diffusers made of elastomers were investigated. Methods are described for removing clogging material from membrane diffusers and/or attenuating or even avoiding the formation of clogging deposits. On the basis of some practical examples the procedure is discussed and obtained reductions of pressure losses are specified.