BACKGROUND Malaria control programs require a detailed understanding of the contemporary spatial distribution of infection risk to efficiently allocate resources. We used model based geostatistics (MBG) techniques to generate a contemporary map of Plasmodium falciparum malaria risk in Indonesia in 2010. METHODS Plasmodium falciparum Annual Parasite Incidence (PfAPI) data (2006-2008) were used...

Aim Marine forests of brown macroalgae create essential habitats for coastal species and support invaluable ecological services. Here, we provide the first global analysis richness endemicity both kelp fucoid biomes. Location Global. Time period Contemporary. Major taxa studied macroalgae, formed by (here defined as orders Laminariales, Tilopteridales Desmarestiales) (order Fucales), inhabiting...

BACKGROUND Assessment of malaria endemicity at different altitudes and transmission intensities, in the era of dwindling vector densities in the highlands, will provide valuable information for malaria control and surveillance. Measurement of serum anti-malarial antibodies is a useful marker of malaria exposure that indicates long-term transmission potential. We studied the serologic evidence o...

INTRODUCTION Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma mansoni, is a public health concern in Brazil. However, the most popular diagnostic method, the Kato-Katz technique, exhibits low sensitivity in low-endemicity areas. We aimed to compare the performance of an immunological assay, the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA®) test, with that of two parasitological techniques in a lo...

Schistosomiasis is a chronic helminth disease of humans, linked persistently with poverty. Parasite transmission is reliant on poor sanitation for transmission from humans to the molluscan intermediate host [1,2]. Recent estimates of the global disease burden for schistosomiasis indicate that some 207 million people are infected, with over 750 million people at risk [2]. New control strategies ...

HLA DRB1*02 and its subtypes predispose individuals for a far-advanced sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis transcending ethnic boundaries. Mycobacterium bovis BCG does not afford the desired protection against adult pulmonary tuberculosis, and a spectrum of immune reactivity exists in controls and hospital contacts. All of these findings have been identified and demonstrated in areas of ende...

Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and its tundra habitat are a unique system for the study of rabies virus epidemics. Contrary to theoretical calculations reporting critical density (KT) approximately 1 fox/km2 endemicity, arctic persists at densities below this. The calculation KT = assumes uniform across landscape unrestricted mixing between susceptible infected foxes. We hypothesize that spatial h...

A checklist of freshwater fishes Telangana State, India including accepted common name, vernacular IUCN status, and endemicity is presented. Freshwater fish diversity State represented by 143 species belonging to 14 orders 34 families. Two species, Rita bakalu Indoreonectes telanganaensis are endemic State.