Background: Patients may experience anxiety, discomfort, and pain during endoscopy, which cannot be tolerated without sedative drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine midazolam on patients undergoing endosonography outside operating room. Methods: randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted 126 aged 18 - 65 years old with American Society Anesthes...

The prognosis for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus remains poor despite the recent use of aggressive combination therapies and radical surgical resection. Attempts to improve the survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma have been confounded by a lack of effective therapeutic options in the later stages of the disease and an inability to accurately identify the early disease stages...

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is a specific technique used to study the pancreatobiliary system that is performed in hepatogastroenterology centers. recent, common uses for therapeutic ercp are largely due to advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endosonography. in the united states alone, over 500,000 therapeutic ercp are pe...

background: endosonography is a distinct method in evaluating gastrointestinal (gi) structural lesions, particularly in the pancreatobiliary system. this procedure has made a fundamental change in the diagnosis of pancreatic mass lesions through fine needle aspiration (fna). this study aims to evaluate the results and efficacy of endosonographic fine needle aspiration (eus-fna) in patients pres...

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was initially developed in the early 1980s as a research tool to overcome limitations of transabdominal ultrasound for an examination of the pancreas caused by intervening gas, bone, and fat. Since its introduction into clinical practice, EUS has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, particularly pancreatic cancer. The ability to p...

Although the initial application of endoluminal ultrasonography was for the evaluation and staging of rectal cancer, it soon became apparent to clinicians that this modality had tremendous potential in the evaluation of benign disease of the anal canal and pelvic floor.1,2 This article will discuss the current role of endosonography of the anal canal, with emphasis on anatomical considerations ...

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency catheter ablation is increasingly used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Esophageal wall changes varying from erythema to ulcers have been described by endoscopy in up to 47% of patients following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Although esophageal changes are frequently reported, the development of a left atrial (LA)-esophageal fistula is fortunately rare. Neve...

Endosonography is a very important method of investigation in several specialties. It allows the gastroenterologist to reach organs and structures, that may not be seen by percutaneous ultrasound performing a closer imaging of them. Endoscopic ultrasound was initially introduced as a pure diagnostic tool. Nowadays there are many therapeutic interventions that can be done endosonographically. Th...