this study focuses on the forecasting of energy demands of residential and commercial sectors using linear and exponential functions. the coefficients were obtained from genetic and particle swarm optimization (pso) algorithms. totally, 72 different scenarios with various inputs were investigated. consumption data in respect of residential and commercial sectors in iran were collected from the ...

This paper presents a new model of equivalent modulus derived from the Repeated Load CBR (RL-CBR) test without strain gauge. This model is an updated version of Araya et al. model (2011), the update consists of using the vertical strain as weighting factor instead of vertical displacement in the mean vertical and horizontal stresses calculation. The accuracy of equivalent modulus was improved b...

Solar energy is one of the important renewable energy available. The efficient usage of solar energy can yield better power output which can be used as an alternate fuel for conventional energy sources. The Photovoltaic cells are used to generate power from solar energy. In this paper we have dealt with the modelling and analysis of photovoltaic cells with varying temperature values of differen...

The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a green energy producer which converts chemical energy to electricity in high yield. Alternatively, the vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is one of the best rechargeable batteries because of its capability to average loads and output power sources. These two systems are modeled by Nernst equation and electrochemical rules. An effective energy gene...