There is an ongoing debate among energy experts on how providing a subsidy for one energy source affects the investment in other sources. To explore this issue, we study capacity investments of a utility firm in renewable and conventional sources. Specifically, conventional sources are categorized into two groups as inflexible (e.g., nuclear and coal-fired plants) and flexible (e.g., natural ga...

This paper examines option to defer an investment in thermal rehabilitation of building. Heat savings generated by energy efficiency investment in two distinctive areas connected to district heating in Prague are studied. Despite substantial difference of heat price over several years no significant difference in heat savings between the two areas is found. It is shown that different volatility...

The aim of this paper is to examine the concentration of wealth among the group of top wealth holders, defined as those with wealth in excess of a high cut off. The paper begins by considering the definition of this cut off, analogous to the definition of a poverty line at the other end of the distribution. It then considers what can be learned about the proportion classified as ‘rich’ and abou...

We begin the development of a theory of Banach spaces in the definable setting of o-minimal structures. We outline several results which develop the theory of compact embeddings for explicitly given function spaces. One aim is to explain the substantive underpinnings of an important observation used in the proof of the Reparameterization Theorem of Pila and Wilkie in [2]. We place this observat...

Although algal biofuels possess great potential, profitable production is quite challenging. Much of this challenge is rooted in the thermodynamic constraints associated with producing fuels with high energy, low entropy, and high exergy from dispersed materials. In this study, a preliminary thermodynamic analysis is presented that calculates the energy, entropy, and exergy of the intermediate ...

Wild groups (n = 167) of the cooperatively breeding Lake Tanganyika cichlid, Neolamprologus pulcher, were used to investigate how social status and sex influence liver investment. In contrast to expectations, males and females (controlling for body size) had similar liver investment and subordinates (both sexes) had relatively larger livers compared with dominants. Three hypotheses were conside...

This study analyzes issues related to “green”, i.e. low-carbon electricity investment in Europe. While traditionally the focus of attention was on green transmission lines, it has become clear in the course of this study that even though high-voltage electricity transmission is an important element of the decarbonization, there is no green transmission as such. Rather, transmission is greened b...

China is in a critical period of transforming from the oil and gas era to renewable energy era. To better understand process interaction between rest world, this study aimed investigate basic theoretical cognition global analyze pattern changes world with method complex networks, multi-region input-output analysis, other technical methods. The main findings are as follows: (1) Chinas coal-based...

The planning and operation of electricity industries has traditionally been highly supply-side focused, with electricity demand often treated as entirely exogenously driven. As such, efforts to manage the demand side have generally been limited to relatively minor amounts of network and market-driven demand response and energy efficiency programs. Interest in, and the ability to manage, what is...