The risk of adverse human health impact from waterborne microbial pathogenic agents is potentially highly significant for Californians, especially relative to the risks from residual, unregulated chemical contaminants in domestic water supplies. Of particular concern are the cyst-forming protozoans that cause giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, and the enteroviruses. In addition to causing gastro...

In this study, three types of treated wastewater were tested for infectious enteroviruses, the enterovirus genome, somatic coliphages, and Bacteroides fragilis phages. The aim of this work was to determine whether the presence of the two types of bacteriophages or of the enterovirus genome was a good indicator of infectious enterovirus contamination. The enterovirus genome was detected by rever...

The picornaviruses are a diverse group of viral pathogens that together comprise the most common causes of infection of humans in the developed world. Within the picornavirus family are three well-known groups of human pathogens--the rhinoviruses, the enteroviruses (including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses and echoviruses) and the hepatoviruses (including hepatitis A virus). This article will f...

Since the discovery by Enders, Weller, and Robbins in 1949' that poliovirus could multiply in cultures of non-nervous tissues, cell culture techniques have been used extensively in the studies of enteroviruses' for the last decade. The accumulated literature reveals that the usefulness of these culture methods is many-fold and may include virus isolation, virus multiplication studies, and serol...

Genomic analysis of the group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) has improved our understanding of CVB evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Comparison of capsid sequence alignments and virion structures allows correlation of capsid diversity with surface features, such as loops, the receptor canyon, and antigenic sites. Pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses can be used to rapidly ...

The work presented here demonstrates the utility of Caco-2 cells in the isolation of enteroviruses (EVs) from environmental and clinical materials. Thirty-two samples of cerebrospinal fluid positive in Pan-entero RT-PCR were taken for EV strain isolation in cell culture. Out of the 32 samples analysed, 22 (68.75%) were positive for enteroviruses by isolation in Caco-2 cells, and 10 (31.25%) wer...

African nonhuman primate and rodent erythrocytes were tested for agglutination by adenoviruses, reoviruses, and enteroviruses. Squirrel erythrocytes were agglutinated by reovirus serotypes and adenovirus types 3, 11, 16, and 21. Adenoviruses also agglutinated brazza monkey erythrocytes to the same titers as those obtained with either rhesus or grey monkey cells. Prototype reovirus types 1 and 2...