The Cordyceps genus includes many species of fungi, most of which are endoparasitoids on arthropods.The distribution of these fungi is cosmopolitan, but many occur in regions such as Asia with a hot, humid climate. These pathogens of insect pests are promising candidates for use as biological control factors. Entomopathogenic fungi including the famous Cordyceps sinensis produce bioactive compo...

Ixodes scapularis Say adults, nymphs, and larvae were treated with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in a combination of field and laboratory experiments to assess sublethal effects of the fungus on I. scapularis fecundity and body mass. Postengorgement and egg mass weights were 33 and 50% lower, respectively, in adult females treated with M. ansiopliae in the field before engo...

Three new 10-membered macrolides (1-3) have been isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris BCC 2816, together with six known compounds, cepharosporolides C (4), E (5), and F (6), 2-carboxymethyl-4-(3'-hydroxybutyl)furan (7), cordycepin (8), and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. The structures were determined by analysis of NMR data, and an X-ray analysis was performed to confi...

after heavy rainfalls in late apr. of 2010 in tehran, an epizootic occurred amongst hoverflies (eupeodes corollae fabricius) population in green spaces of iranian research institute of plant protection, caused by an entomopathogenic fungus. infected flies fixed to the upper parts of whitetop (lepidium draba l.) and small tumbleweed mustard (sisymbrium loeslii l.) plants with their proboscis and...

The termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) protects itself from entomopathogenic fungus by mutual grooming behavior. C. formosanus removes foreign organisms, such as fungal conidia, from the body surface of its nestmates by mutual grooming behavior and eating them. The conidia removal rate from the body surface differed according to the isolate of entomopathogenic fu...

The rice white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is the primarily important seed-borne pest of rice and was first recorded in Turkey in 1995. These biological agents, such as an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), and bacterial supernatants, have been used against other plant parasitic nematodes but as far as not against A. besseyi. Accordingly, the EPF species,...

Serpins are ubiquitously distributed serine protease inhibitors that covalently bind to target proteases to exert their activities. Serpins regulate a wide range of activities, particularly those in which protease-mediated cascades are active. The Drosophila melanogaster serpin Spn43Ac negatively controls the Toll pathway that is activated in response to fungal infection. The entomopathogenic f...

High rainfall with increase in humidity (68% to 75%) along a decrease temperature ( 3 5°C less than usual ) during June, July, and August months favor the emergence of white grub beetles, its egg laying which turn resulted severe sugarcane clump damage by grubs September months. Seasonal incidence growing areas Andhra Pradesh state showed that clumps caused infestation was significantly high ma...

The potential of a dry powder co-formulant, kaolin, to improve the control of storage beetles by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, isolate IMI389521, was investigated. The response of Oryzaephilus surinamensis adults to the fungus when applied to wheat at 1 × 10(10) conidia per kg with and without kaolin at 1.74 g per kg wheat was assessed. Addition of kaolin increased control fro...

One of the main pests on rice plants difficult to control is Leptocorisa acuta . This has a distinctive odor and attacks in generative phase. L. by sucking grains at milk stage so that become empty quality reduced. High attack intensity will cause decrease production. The most widely used method controlling these use synthetic insecticides. insecticides among farmers tends be excessive damage e...