Stingless bees (Meliponini) construct their own species-specific nest entrance. The size of this entrance is under conflicting selective pressures. Smaller entrances are easier to defend; however, a larger entrance accommodates heavier forager traffic. Using a comparative approach with 26 species of stingless bees, we show that species with greater foraging traffic have significantly larger ent...

background : the portal system and azygos vein are the main drainage systems during portal hypertension. this study aims to compare the diameter of these veins by endoscopic ultrasonography (eus) inpatients with and without chronic liver disease (cld). materials and methods : during one year, patients with cld enrolled as the study group. patients who underwent eus for other reasons during the ...

Worldwide, it is a great challenge to tunnel in portal section, where excessive deformation, cracking, or even collapse often occurs during the construction process. This paper presents comparison study of face stability between entering and exiting shallow-buried with front slope. Firstly, theoretical solutions support pressure σ T safety coefficient FS excavation considering surface slope are...

background portal vein thrombosis (pvt) is one of the most common causes of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children, which may follow neonatal umbilical vein catheterization. the incidence rates of catheter-related pvt, in infants and children vary in different studies. this study aimed to determine pvt incidence in the children under 3 years old with a history of neonatal umbilical vein c...

abstractbackground: delivering the radiation dose to the target volume and minimizing the dose to normal tissues are the main objectives in radiotherapy. the aim of our study is to enhance the contrast of the portal image to increase the accuracy of delineation of the organs in the irradiation field.   methods: the software was written based on local enhancement of the pixel values in image mat...

this research investigates factors of enterprise portals of governmental organizations of iran. methods used in this research are literature and descriptive survey. data was gathered by a researcher-made checklist for enterprise portal factors in the enterprise portals of governmental organizations of iran. the checklist contains six factors that are content management, document management, col...

The article presents a general picture of the development architecture Ancient World in 3nd - 1st millennium BC. identified three main style-making cultures Mediterranean (Egypt, Mesopotamia with Levant, Aegean world Antalya) which were formed 3 thousand and changing trends their architecture, birth facade composition its change from plane to spatial, which, according author, reveals historical...

The articles [3], [1], [4], and [2] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. In this paper x, y, X , Y are sets. We introduce G-net structures which are extensions of 1-sorted structure and are systems 〈 a carrier, an entrance, an escape 〉, where the carrier is a set and the entrance and the escape are binary relations. Let N be a 1-sorted structure. The functor echaos(N) yields a s...

a 28-year-old, 32 week pregnant primigravida woman with a past history of increased blood pressure presented with ruq pain as well as sudden onset of hematemesis. this case illustrates the occurrence of a rare complication (rupture of portal vein pseudoaneurysm inside the biliary system), appearing as upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a pregnant woman. the cause of the rupture is presumably pr...

conclusions apbsc transplantation greatly benefits hbv-linked decompensated cirrhosis patients and should be recommended in clinical practice. patients and methods this prospective study included 68 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with hbv-related decompensated cirrhosis. these patients were divided into two groups: the transplantation group included 33 patients, while the control grou...