The devolatilisation step of coal is a vital stage in both air-coal and oxy-coal combustion and there is interest in whether methods of estimating the reaction parameters are similar for both cases. A network pyrolysis model, the FG-DVC (Functional Group-Depolymerisation Vaporisation Cross-linking) code was employed to evaluate the effect of temperature (1273-1773 K) and heating rate (10-10 K/s...

Pathogens target important components of host immunity to cause disease. The Pseudomonas syringae type III-secreted effector HopU1 is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase required for full virulence on Arabidopsis thaliana. HopU1 targets several RNA-binding proteins including GRP7, whose role in immunity is still unclear. Here, we show that GRP7 associates with translational components, as well as wit...

Plants rely heavily on receptor-like kinases (RLKs) for perception and integration of external and internal stimuli. The Arabidopsis regulatory leucine-rich repeat RLK (LRR-RLK) BAK1 is involved in steroid hormone responses, innate immunity, and cell death control. Here, we describe the differential regulation of three different BAK1-dependent signaling pathways by a novel allele of BAK1, bak1-...

Plants use receptor kinases, such as FLS2 and EFR, to perceive bacterial pathogens and initiate innate immunity. This immunity is often suppressed by bacterial effectors, allowing pathogen propagation. To counteract, plants have evolved disease resistance genes that detect the bacterial effectors and reinstate resistance. The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPto promotes infection in susceptibl...

An implementation of GSM EFR using traditional single MAC DSPs (DSP1600) takes 24 MIPS to run a single speech channel. Lucent DSP16000 is a dual MAC high performance DSP. Analysis has shown DSP16000 code can run GSM EFR at 10 MIPS per channel with the same program space as DSP1600. The code has been re-structured to minimize delays and RAM usage for multi-channel TRAU applications. For a 100 MI...

OBJECTIVE To validate an estimated food record (EFR), using a weighed food record (WFR) as the reference method, for the determination of food consumption and nutrient intakes in a group of Costa Rican adults. DESIGN For the WFR, all foods consumed by subjects during seven consecutive days were weighed and recorded by nutrition students. Two EFRs (a 4-day and a 3-day record) were recorded by ...

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria are located in deeper layers. Endoscopic resection may be contraindicated due to the possibility of perforation. These tumors are therefore usually removed by surgical or laparoscopic procedures. This study evaluated the curative effects, safety and feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) of gastric stromal t...

As proved by Shimoji and Watson, a strategy of an extensive-form game is rationalizable in the sense of Pearce if and only if it survives the maximal elimination of conditionally dominated strategies. Briefly, this is a process of iteratively eliminating conditionally dominated strategies according to a specific order. We prove, however, that there is nothing special about this order, and that ...