Osmotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold are major environmental factors that limit agricultural productivity worldwide. Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation are major signalling events induced by osmotic stress in higher plants. Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase2 family members play essential roles in response to hyperosmotic stresses in Arabidopsis, rice, and ma...

The internal stresses of plasma-sprayed multilayer ytterbium disilicate environmental barrier coatings were measured using microfocused high-energy X-rays in a transmission geometry. Stresses were measured for as-sprayed and ex-situ heat-treated ytterbium disilicate topcoats at room temperature and during in-situ heating and cooling experiments. In-situ loading experiments were also performed o...

Human populations have put pressure on their natural surroundings throughout history. Yet the world is now facing truly global environmental challenges and rapid population growth in the final half of the twentieth century is a critical component to understanding these phenomena. In his article, Ambassador Richard Benedick examines a host of population dynamics and their complex interlinkages...

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is widely cultivated for its edible, strongly-flavored leaves, fruits, seeds and medicinal uses. As the wild and cultivated plants are influenced by environmental stresses, the effects of salt (25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl), nitrogen and iron deficiency (0 N, 0.5 N of Hoagland’s solution, 0 Fe and 0.5 Fe of Hoagland’s solution), 2°C cold (2, 3 and 4 h) and drought (3,...

environmental stresses affect plant growth and cause losses worth hundreds of million dollars of agricultural industry each year. many genes induced in response to environmental stresses. the dreb1a gene is a stress-inducible transcription factor that its overexpression increased tolerance to environmental stress in transgenic plants. dna was extracted from arabidopsis thaliana var. col.0 plant...